Microfabricated alkali atom vapor cells

Liew, Li-Anne; Knappe, Svenja; Moreland, John; Robinson, H. G.; Hollberg, L.; Kitching, John

doi:10.1063/1.1691490

Cited by 315 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The control unit includes 25 transimpedance amplifiers to amplify the signals from the photodiodes within the sensor heads and a 24-bit DAC system to record the data. Each sensor head contains a microfabricated vapor cell [13] with an internal volume of 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm, filled with 87 Rb and roughly 1 amagat of N 2 . The size of the cell defines the sensitive volume of the magnetometers.…”

Section: Design Of the Imaging Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic field imaging with microfabricated optically-pumped magnetometers

et al. 2017

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A multichannel imaging system is presented, consisting of 25 microfabricated optically-pumped magnetometers. The sensor probes have a footprint of less than 1 cm 2 and a sensitive volume of 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm and connect to a control unit through optical fibers of length 5 m. Operating at very low ambient magnetic fields, the sensor array has an average magnetic sensitivity of 24 fT/Hz 1/2 , with a standard deviation of 5 fT/Hz 1/2 when the noise of each sensor is averaged between 10 and 50 Hz. Operating in Earth's magnetic field, the magnetometers have a field sensitivity around 5 pT/Hz 1/2 . The vacuum-packaged sensor heads are optically heated and consume on average 76 ± 7 mW of power each. The heating power is provided by an array of eight diode lasers. Magnetic field imaging of small probe coils was obtained with the sensor array and fits to the expected field pattern agree well with the measured data. 19887-19894 (2014). 24. S. J. Seltzer and M. V. Romalis, "Unshielded three-axis vector operation of a spin-exchange-relaxation-free atomic magnetometer," Appl.

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Section: Design Of the Imaging Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic field imaging with microfabricated optically-pumped magnetometers

et al. 2017

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“…These sources include pure metal 61,62 , alkali compounds 61 , wax pellets 63 , alkali azides 64 , and alkali-enriched glass 65 . Most are not suitable for UHV or result in poorly controlled, or limited lifetime, sources.…”

Section: Atom Source and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributed Review: The feasibility of a fully miniaturized magneto-optical trap for portable ultracold quantum technology

Rushton

Aldous

Himsworth

2014

Review of Scientific Instruments

107

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Experiments using laser cooled atoms and ions show real promise for practical applications in quantumenhanced metrology, timing, navigation, and sensing as well as exotic roles in quantum computing, networking and simulation. The heart of many of these experiments has been translated to microfabricated platforms known as atom chips whose construction readily lend themselves to integration with larger systems and future mass production. To truly make the jump from laboratory demonstrations to practical, rugged devices, the complex surrounding infrastructure (including vacuum systems, optics, and lasers) also needs to be miniaturized and integrated. In this paper we explore the feasibility of applying this approach to the Magneto-Optical Trap; incorporating the vacuum system, atom source and optical geometry into a permanently sealed microlitre system capable of maintaining 10 −10 mbar for more than 1000 days of operation with passive pumping alone. We demonstrate such an engineering challenge is achievable using recent advances in semiconductor microfabrication techniques and materials.PACS numbers: 07.07.Df, 37.10.Gh, 07.30.Kf, I. ULTRACOLD QUANTUM TECHNOLOGYSince the first demonstrations of atoms and ions at sub-millikelvin temperatures in the mid-1980s, the field of atomic physics has been revolutionized by laser cooling and trapping as it provides researchers with a method to probe some of the purest and sensitive quantum systems available. This field is still highly productive and recently has put significant emphasis on the practical applications of this technology beyond the laboratory 1,2 . It was evident very early on that ultracold matter would be an indispensable tool in precise timing applications and a recent demonstration 3 has shown extremely low instabilities at the 10 −18 level. The wavelike nature of atoms as they are cooled to lower temperatures can be used to form atomic interferometers that outperform optical counterparts in measurements of accelerated reference frames 4-7 , which are important for inertial guidance systems, but can also provide sensitive measurements of mass, charge and magnetic fields [8][9][10][11] . Greater sensitivity beyond the classical limit is possible via squeezed 12 and entangled states 13-15 , which are also fundamental attributes for quantum computing 16,17 , and long distance quantum networking 18 . Ultracold matter has been used in the emerging field of quantum simulation 19 and is an indispensable tool in determining fundamental constants 20 , testing general relativity 21 and defining measurement standards 22 . Many researchers and industries believe such tools will be a major part of the 'second quantum revolution' in which the more 'exotic' properties of quantum physics are applied for practical applications 23,24 .The field of ultracold matter has reached a matua) m.d.himsworth@soton.ac.uk rity in both experimental methods and theoretical understanding allowing experiments to begin leaving the laboratory 25-27 . These systems are bespoke, rarely take up a ...

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“…The Micro-DAVLL has in its core a micro fabricated rubidium vapor cell developed by the NIST group 11,13 . The cell is fabricated by bonding glass wafers to both sides of a silicon wafer.…”

Section: Micro-davll: the Cell-magnet System And Shieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). The second DAVLL system presented (named Micro-DAVLL) uses a micro-fabricated vapor cell 5,11 , which allows further significant reduction of the overall system size and weight, at the expense of requiring internal heaters. Both of these systems have potential for space borne applications, where size, weight, and power are essential considerations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-sized dichroic atomic vapor laser lock

Lee

Iwata

Corsini

et al. 2011

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Two, lightweight diode laser frequency stabilization systems designed for experiments in the field are described. A significant reduction in size and weight in both models supports the further miniaturization of measurement devices in the field. Similar to a previous design, magnetic-field lines are contained within a magnetic shield enclosing permanent magnets and a Rb cell, so that these DAVLL systems may be used for magnetically sensitive instruments. The Mini-DAVLL system (49 mm long) uses a vapor cell (20 mm long), and does not require cell heaters. An even smaller Micro-DAVLL system (9mm long) uses a micro-fabricated cell (3 mm square), and requires heaters. These new systems show no degradation in performance with regard to previous designs, while considerably reducing dimensions.PACS numbers: 07.55. Ge, 32.60.+i, 85.70.Sq a) These authors have contributed equally to this work.

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Microfabricated alkali atom vapor cells

Cited by 315 publications

References 5 publications

Magnetic field imaging with microfabricated optically-pumped magnetometers

Magnetic field imaging with microfabricated optically-pumped magnetometers

Contributed Review: The feasibility of a fully miniaturized magneto-optical trap for portable ultracold quantum technology

Small-sized dichroic atomic vapor laser lock

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