Microfabricated passive resonator biochip for sensitive radiofrequency detection and characterization of glucose

Abstract

Passive sensors provide a new route for the characterization of concentration-dependent radiofrequency parameters with high reproducibility in real time.

A Multilayered GaAs IPD Resonator with Five Airbridges for Sensor System Application

“…Due to their great sensitivity, fast response times, resilience, reusability, and cost-effectiveness, microwave resonators are widely used in sensing systems as well as RF/microwave communication systems [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. Common microwave technologies used in sensing systems include parallel plate capacitors, microstrip lines, and cavity resonators [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 42 , 45 , 46 ]. The basic mechanism for which microwave resonators are applied in sensing systems is in detecting the dielectric constant of an object.…”

“…The basic mechanism for which microwave resonators are applied in sensing systems is in detecting the dielectric constant of an object. As a result, a number of sensors operating via dielectric characterization have been proposed, and employing microwave resonators to detect the material under test (MUT) has drawn a lot of attention in recent years [ 30 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. For accurate measurements, microwave resonators use highly sensitive structures, including split-ring resonators (SRRs), interdigital structures, spiral resonators, and airbridges.…”

“…The coupling capacitor is easily affected by the MUT in a spiral sensor [ 43 , 44 ]. The environment around an airbridge will have a significant impact on its parallel plate capacitance [ 30 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. Frequency, quality factor (Q), phase, and insertion/return loss are frequently utilized parameters from the sensing response and are eventually associated with the MUT.…”

Integrated Passive Device-Based Gas Sensor Combined with PANI/SnO2 Composites for Ammonia Detection

“…A SnO 2 /bionic porous (BP) carbon composites-based thick film material is prepared, and an ultra-narrowband microwave filter based on microwave transmission technology is designed to verify the sensing performance of ammonia at room temperature . In other fields of microwave sensor technology, the low-temperature co-fired ceramic and substrate-integrated waveguide also have been used in research on gas sensing, but in the field of IPD technology, a large number of studies devoted to the development of filters, detections of biological solutions, investigations of environmental humidity, characterizations of dielectric materials, construction of diplexers and dividers, there are few reports about gas sensors based on integrated passive device (IPD) technology. The IPD-based microwave sensor exhibits higher microwave performance by using a lower loss GaAs substrate, more complex design structures and micro–nano processing technology, small size, and easy integration compared to the planar microwave devices.…”

Q‐factor enhanced resonator biosensor optimized by adaptive genetic algorithm for glucose detection

“…2 Many kinds of glucose sensors using various techniques have been reported, including high-performance liquid chromatography sensors, 3 spectrophotometry sensors, 4 optical sensors, 5 gas chromatography sensors, 6 electrochemical sensors, 7 and microwave sensors. 8 Among all the types, electrochemical biosensors are the most widely accepted one. However, such sensors require long response times due to reactions on the surface.…”