“…At first, the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) measured the temperature-dependent tunneling voltage between the STM tip and the sample. 1,121 Subsequent studies utilized AFM cantilever-based sensors such as an AFM cantilever with an integrated thermocouple junction 2,10,24,26,28,117,122−125 or a resistive element, 75,[79][80][81][82]126,127 although several SThM schemes employed a regular AFM cantilever. 74,76 In order to improve the spatial and temporal resolution, the sensor size was scaled down to below 100 nm 75,125 and the sensing region was thermally isolated.…”