“…Paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have a high integration capability and good biocompatibility and have found extensive utilization in various fields in the recent years, such as biomedicine, environmental monitoring, food science, pharmaceuticals, drug development, and more [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]. In clinical applications, paper-based devices have many advantages over the benchtop techniques described above, including a significantly lower cost, faster throughput, simpler operation, lower reagent consumption, and greater portability [ 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ].…”