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The formation of well‐aligned ZnO nanorods has been achieved via H2 treatment of as‐grown ZnO films. Structural analyses reveal that the ZnO nanorods on the ZnO films are preferentially oriented along the c‐axis direction and exhibit a single‐crystalline wurtzite structure. To investigate the mechanism of formation of ZnO nanorods on the film, further H2 treatment of the as‐grown ZnO nanorods was performed. Thinner and longer ZnO nanorods were obtained after certain periods of H2 treatment. It is proposed that both etching and re‐deposition processes are taking place during the process, resulting in the aspect‐ratio enhancement of the ZnO nanorods and the formation of ZnO nanorods on the ZnO films. It is suggested that an appropriate concentration of the etching products remaining from the initial rod‐forming H2 treatment allows subsequent re‐deposition of the ZnO nanorods with enhanced differentiation of the growth rates on the 〈001〉 and 〈100〉 crystal facets.

Sediments produced by landslides are crucial in the sediment yield of a catchment, debris flow forecasting, and related hazard assessment. On a regional scale, however, it is difficult and time consuming to measure the volumes of such sediment. This paper uses a LiDAR-derived digital terrain model ( ). The uncertainty in estimated volume caused by use of the LiDAR DTMs is discussed, and the error in absolute volume estimation for landslides with an area >10 5 m 2 is within 20%. The volume-area relationship obtained in this study is also validated in 11 small to medium-sized catchments located outside the study area, and there is good agreement between the calculation from DTMs and the regression formula. By comparison of debris volumes estimated in this study with previous work, it is found that a wider volume variation exists that is directly proportional to the landslide area, especially under a higher scaling exponent.

Objective To examine the relation between the results of ambulatory 24-hour blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI), then to find the independent determinant for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Finally, to evaluate the differences in the clinical and cardiovascular characteristics between patients on continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) and continuous cyclic PD (CCPD). Design An open, nonrandomized, cross-sectional study. Setting Divisions of nephrology and cardiology in a medical center. Patients Thirty-two uremic patients on maintenance PD therapy (22 patients on CAPD, and 10 on CCPD) without anatomical heart disease or history of receiving long-term hemodialysis. Interventions Home blood pressure (BP) and office BP were measured using the Korotkoff sound technique by sphygmomanometer. ABPM was employed for continuous measurement of BP. Echocardiography was performed for measurement of cardiac parameters and calculation of LVMI. Main Outcome Measures Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for independent determinant of LVH in PD patients. The differences in clinical and cardiovascular characteristics between CAPD and CCPD patients were compared. Results Simple regression analysis showed positive correlations between LVMI and the duration of hypertension, ambulatory nighttime BP/BP load/BP load > 30%, serum phosphate, calcium–phosphate product, ultrafiltration (UF) volume, and percentage of UF volume during the nighttime. A negative correlation was noted between LVMI and dipping. In multiple regression analysis, the duration of hypertension was the only variable linked to LVMI. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, only ambulatory nighttime systolic BP load > 30% had an independent association with LVH. There were correlations between office/home BP and ambulatory 24-hour BP. In addition, CCPD patients had higher LVMI, UF volume during the nighttime, and percentage of UF volume during the nighttime than those of CAPD patients. Conclusions In this study, ambulatory nighttime systolic BP load > 30% had an independent association with LVH. Office and home BP measurements were correlated with ABPM in PD patients. The result that CCPD patients had a higher LVMI than CAPD patients may be due to a relative volume overload during the daytime in CCPD patients.