Microfluidic Synthesis of Multimode Au@CoFeB-Rg3 Nanomedicines and Their Cytotoxicity and Anti-Tumor Effects

Abstract

were developed by conjugating multimode nanohybrids with active ingredients of natural herbs using Au@CoFeB nanoparticles as one model of multimode nanohybrids and the ginsenoside Rg3 as one model of active ingredients of natural herbs. Au@CoFeB nanoparticles were first synthesized using a temperatureprogrammed microfluidics process. Then, the surface of Au@ CoFeB nanoparticles was modified via an amino-silane coupling agent of (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTMS) and then activated by the bifunctional amine-active cross-linker. They were thereafter conjugated to ginsenosides preactivated by APTMS by cross-linking the surface-activated nanohybrids, forming Au@ CoFeB-Rg3 nanomedicines. Their multimode imaging functions were evaluated with the characterization of their magnetic and optical properties and the response to X-ray radiation. They can be optically detected via dark-field microscopy and can be imaged through X-ray computed tomography. They can also be used as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents with excellent T2-weighted spin−echo imaging effects. Au@CoFeB-Rg3 nanomedicines exhibited distinct cytotoxicity and inhibitory effects on the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2/C3) and human chronic myeloid leukemia cells (K562) but were less toxic to 3T3 cells than other cells at concentrations more than 200 μg/ mL. However, Au@CoFeB nanoparticles showed markedly lower cytotoxicity and inhibitory effects on the proliferation of these cell lines, particularly at concentrations <100 μg/mL, than Au@CoFeB-Rg3 nanomedicines. Clearly, there is a distinct synergistic effect between nanohybrids and Rg3. Additionally, Au@CoFeB nanohybrids showed almost no toxicity to Jurkat-CT cells at low concentrations (47 μg/mL), indicating that they may be used as multimode nanoprobes at a suitable concentration. These findings provide an efficient alternative for the synthesis of multifunctional antitumor nanomedicines based on multimode nanohybrids and active ingredients of natural resources.

Micro‐/Nano‐Structures on Biodegradable Magnesium@PLGA and Their Cytotoxicity, Photothermal, and Anti‐Tumor Effects

“…After irradiating for 4 min at a laser intensity of 0.7 W cm −2 , the temperature of Mg@PLGA microspheres and nanospheres with Mg concentration of 60 mg mL −1 increases from 25 °C to 40 °C, which is sufficient for photothermal therapy (Figure 3b,e). [ 3,10,15–43 ] After irradiating for 10 min, the temperature of both spheres increases from 25 °C to 55 °C. Both the rising and declining of temperature in response to laser switching on and off are prompt and identical; moreover, the photothermal response of Mg@PLGA microspheres and nanospheres are reliable for multiple repeated cycles with laser on‐and‐off (Figure 3c,f).…”

The synthesis of a nanodrug using metal-based nanozymes conjugated with ginsenoside Rg3 for pancreatic cancer therapy

“…Then, our previously developed method was used to synthesize RNME via modication with a double silane coupling agent and the activation of the amino group using a crosslinking agent. 34,41 In addition, the coupling efficiency of Rg3 and NPs is shown in Fig. 1C.…”

Synthesis of nanomedicine hydrogel microcapsules by droplet microfluidic process and their pH and temperature dependent release

“…[61][62][63] The gold nanoparticles synthesized by microuidics can be the surface template or substrate for the deposition and growth of CoFeB shells for the construction of core-shell nanohybrids (Au@Co-FeB). 64 Boron doping metal alloy nanoparticles have the effect of clearing away heat and detoxication. Co and Fe in the Au@CoFeB are necessary dietary ingredients for humans and animals (Co can be used for VB12 synthesis; Fe can be used for heme synthesis).…”

“…Au@CoFeB@Co x Fe (1− x ) (OH) 2 nanohybrids (NHs) were synthesized using a simple programmed sequencing microfluidic process, which can conjugate with the ginsenoside Rg3 to form nanomedicines, namely Au@CoFeB–Rg3. 64 These have been used for multi-modal diagnosis and exhibit excellent cytotoxicity against various tumors. To enhance their therapeutic efficiency and administration safety, a hydrogel system for encapsulating nanomedicines into microgels should be developed to promote their oral administration and transportation to the focal area.…”