Microglia express GPNMB in the brains of Alzheimer's disease and Nasu-Hakola disease

Satoh, Jun‐ichi; Kino, Yoshihiro; Yanaizu, Motoaki; Ishida, Tsuyoshi; Saito, Yuko

doi:10.5582/irdr.2019.01049

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…It is highly relevant to note that GPNMB has a neuroprotective role for TDP43 toxicity or ALS [127, 199]. GPNMB was also described as neurodegeneration biomarker in Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Gaucher’s disease and PLOSL leukodystrophy [79, 82, 124, 126, 173].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atxn2-CAG100-KnockIn mouse spinal cord shows progressive TDP43 pathology associated with cholesterol biosynthesis suppression

Canet-Pons

Sen

Arsovic

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Large polyglutamine expansions in Ataxin-2 (ATXN2) cause multi-system nervous atrophy in Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 2 (SCA2). Intermediate size expansions carry a risk for selective motor neuron degeneration, known as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Conversely, the depletion of ATXN2 prevents disease progression in ALS. Although ATXN2 interacts directly with RNA, and in ALS pathogenesis there is a crucial role of RNA toxicity, the affected functional pathways remain ill defined. Here, we examined an authentic SCA2 mouse model with Atxn2-CAG100-KnockIn for a first definition of molecular mechanisms in spinal cord pathology.Neurophysiology of lower limbs detected sensory neuropathy rather than motor denervation. Triple immunofluorescence demonstrated cytosolic ATXN2 aggregates sequestrating TDP43 and TIA1 from the nucleus. In immunoblots, this was accompanied by elevated CASP3, RIPK1 and PQBP1 abundance. RT-qPCR showed increase of Grn, Tlr7 and Rnaset2 mRNA versus Eif5a2, Dcp2, Uhmk1 and Kif5a decrease. These SCA2 findings overlap well with known ALS features. Similar to other ataxias and dystonias, decreased mRNA levels for Unc80, Tacr1, Gnal, Ano3, Kcna2, Elovl5 and Cdr1 contrasted with Gpnmb increase. Preterminal stage tissue showed strongly activated microglia containing ATXN2 aggregates, with parallel astrogliosis. Global transcriptome profiles from stages of incipient motor deficit versus preterminal age identified molecules with progressive downregulation, where a cluster of cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes including Dhcr24, Msmo1, Idi1and Hmgcs1 was prominent. Gas chromatography demonstrated a massive loss of crucial cholesterol precursor metabolites. Overall, the ATXN2 protein aggregation process affects diverse subcellular compartments, in particular stress granules, endoplasmic reticulum and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. These findings identify new targets and potential biomarkers for neuroprotective therapies. Introduction:Within the dynamic research field into neurodegenerative disorders, the rare monogenic variant SCA2 (Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 2) gained much attention over the past decade, since its pathogenesis is intertwined with the motor neuron diseases ALS/FTLD (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Fronto-Temporal Lobar Dementia) and with extrapyramidal syndromes such as Parkinson/PSP (Progressive Supranuclear Palsy). Particularly in the past year, it received massive interest since antisense-oligonucleotides were shown to effectively prevent the disease in mouse models, with clinical trials now being imminent. Still, there is an urgent unmet need to define the molecular events of pathogenesis and to identify biomarkers of progression in SCA2 patients, which reflect therapeutic benefits much more rapidly than clinical rating scales, brain imaging volumetry or neurophysiology measures.SCA2 was first described as separate entity in Indian patients, based on the characteristic early slowing of eye saccadic movements [222]. A molecularly homogeneous founder population of ~1,000 patients in...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atxn2-CAG100-KnockIn mouse spinal cord shows progressive TDP43 pathology associated with cholesterol biosynthesis suppression

Canet-Pons

Sen

Arsovic

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Galectin-3 has also been implicated in brain innate immunity associated with neurodegeneration [16]. High levels of both GPNMB and galectin-3 levels have been found in the brain of 5xFAD mice [51] as well also the brains of PD and AD patients [11,61,75,100]. Additionally, levels of GPNMB were elevated in grey and white matter of spinal cord of ALS patients [79].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network analysis of the progranulin-deficient mouse brain proteome reveals pathogenic mechanisms shared in human frontotemporal dementia caused by GRN mutations

Huang

Modeste

Dammer

et al. 2020

acta neuropathol commun

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Heterozygous, loss-of-function mutations in the granulin gene (GRN) encoding progranulin (PGRN) are a common cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Homozygous GRN mutations cause neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis-11 (CLN11), a lysosome storage disease. PGRN is a secreted glycoprotein that can be proteolytically cleaved into seven bioactive 6 kDa granulins. However, it is unclear how deficiency of PGRN and granulins causes neurodegeneration. To gain insight into the mechanisms of FTD pathogenesis, we utilized Tandem Mass Tag isobaric labeling mass spectrometry to perform an unbiased quantitative proteomic analysis of whole-brain tissue from wild type (Grn+/+) and Grn knockout (Grn−/−) mice at 3- and 19-months of age. At 3-months lysosomal proteins (i.e. Gns, Scarb2, Hexb) are selectively increased indicating lysosomal dysfunction is an early consequence of PGRN deficiency. Additionally, proteins involved in lipid metabolism (Acly, Apoc3, Asah1, Gpld1, Ppt1, and Naaa) are decreased; suggesting lysosomal degradation of lipids may be impaired in the Grn−/− brain. Systems biology using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) of the Grn−/− brain proteome identified 26 modules of highly co-expressed proteins. Three modules strongly correlated to Grn deficiency and were enriched with lysosomal proteins (Gpnmb, CtsD, CtsZ, and Tpp1) and inflammatory proteins (Lgals3, GFAP, CD44, S100a, and C1qa). We find that lysosomal dysregulation is exacerbated with age in the Grn−/− mouse brain leading to neuroinflammation, synaptic loss, and decreased markers of oligodendrocytes, myelin, and neurons. In particular, GPNMB and LGALS3 (galectin-3) were upregulated by microglia and elevated in FTD-GRN brain samples, indicating common pathogenic pathways are dysregulated in human FTD cases and Grn−/− mice. GPNMB levels were significantly increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of FTD-GRN patients, but not in MAPT or C9orf72 carriers, suggesting GPNMB could be a biomarker specific to FTD-GRN to monitor disease onset, progression, and drug response. Our findings support the idea that insufficiency of PGRN and granulins in humans causes neurodegeneration through lysosomal dysfunction, defects in autophagy, and neuroinflammation, which could be targeted to develop effective therapies.

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“…Neuroprotection: expressed on microglia-phagocytosis of myelin debris [75] IGF-BP2 Neuronal plasticity, learning, and memory as well as information processing [76,77] uPA Neuroprotection and repair [78,79] AgRP Functional activity [80,81] repeated contact with multiple mice. Jugular vein cannulation and blood apheresis procedures were performed as previously published [18,21].…”

Section: Osteoactivinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma dilution improves cognition and attenuates neuroinflammation in old mice

Mehdipour

Skinner

et al. 2020

GeroScience

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Our recent study has established that young blood factors are not causal, nor necessary, for the systemic rejuvenation of mammalian tissues. Instead, a procedure referred to as neutral blood exchange (NBE) that resets signaling milieu to a pro-regenerative state through dilution of old plasma, enhanced the health and repair of the muscle and liver, and promoted better hippocampal neurogenesis in 2-year-old mice (Mehdipour et al., Aging 12:8790–8819, 2020). Here we expand the rejuvenative phenotypes of NBE, focusing on the brain. Namely, our results demonstrate that old mice perform much better in novel object and novel texture (whisker discrimination) tests after a single NBE, which is accompanied by reduced neuroinflammation (less-activated CD68+ microglia). Evidence against attenuation/dilution of peripheral senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) as the main mechanism behind NBE was that the senolytic ABT 263 had limited effects on neuroinflammation and did not enhance hippocampal neurogenesis in the old mice. Interestingly, peripherally acting ABT 263 and NBE both diminished SA-βGal signal in the old brain, demonstrating that peripheral senescence propagates to the brain, but NBE was more robustly rejuvenative than ABT 263, suggesting that rejuvenation was not simply by reducing senescence. Explaining the mechanism of the positive effects of NBE on the brain, our comparative proteomics analysis demonstrated that dilution of old blood plasma yields an increase in the determinants of brain maintenance and repair in mice and in people. These findings confirm the paradigm of rejuvenation through dilution of age-elevated systemic factors and extrapolate it to brain health and function.

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Microglia express GPNMB in the brains of Alzheimer's disease and Nasu-Hakola disease

Cited by 28 publications

References 36 publications

Atxn2-CAG100-KnockIn mouse spinal cord shows progressive TDP43 pathology associated with cholesterol biosynthesis suppression

Atxn2-CAG100-KnockIn mouse spinal cord shows progressive TDP43 pathology associated with cholesterol biosynthesis suppression

Network analysis of the progranulin-deficient mouse brain proteome reveals pathogenic mechanisms shared in human frontotemporal dementia caused by GRN mutations

Plasma dilution improves cognition and attenuates neuroinflammation in old mice

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