Microgravity during spaceflight directly affects
            <i>in vitro</i>
            osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption

Tamma, Roberto; Colaianni, Graziana; Camerino, Claudia; Benedetto, Adriana Di; Greco, Giovanni; Strippoli, Maurizio; Vergari, Rosaria; Grano, Antonella; Mancini, L.; Mori, Giorgio; Colucci, Silvia; Grano, Maria; Zallone, Alberta

doi:10.1096/fj.08-127951

Cited by 116 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Recently, in isolated osteoclasts, it was reported that osteoclastic activity increased in those osteoclasts that were cultured in space (Tamma et al, 2009); however, there has been no data relating the interaction between osteoblasts and osteoclasts in space. Although bone mass is reportedly increased by mechanical strain, it has also been reported that mechanical strain on isolated osteoclasts upregulated their bone-resorbing activity (Kurata et al, 2001); therefore, the results obtained from the isolated osteoclast system may differ from that obtained from the in vivo system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Static and Dynamic Hypergravity Responses of Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts in Medaka Scales

Yano¹,

Kitamura²,

Satoh³

et al. 2013

Zoological Science

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Static and Dynamic Hypergravity Responses of Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts in Medaka Scales

Yano¹,

Kitamura²,

Satoh³

et al. 2013

Zoological Science

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“…Osteoclast differentiation is enhanced in microgravity, and an increase in collagen telopeptides was observed in media samples retrieved from space [88]. Simulated microgravity with high-gradient magnetic fields directly affects cell survival and differentiation of human pre-osteoclast FLG29.1 [89].…”

Section: Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Physiological Effects of Microgravity on Bone Cells

et al. 2014

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Life on Earth developed under the influence of normal gravity (1g). With evidence from previous studies, scientists have suggested that normal physiological processes, such as the functional integrity of muscles and bone mass, can be affected by microgravity during spaceflight. During the life span, bone not only develops as a structure designed specifically for mechanical tasks but also adapts for efficiency. The lack of weight-bearing forces makes microgravity an ideal physical stimulus to evaluate bone cell responses. One of the most serious problems induced by long-term weightlessness is bone mineral loss. Results from in vitro studies that entailed the use of bone cells in spaceflights showed modification in cell attachment structures and cytoskeletal reorganization, which may be involved in bone loss. Humans exposed to microgravity conditions experience various physiological changes, including loss of bone mass, muscle deterioration, and immunodeficiency. In vitro models can be used to extract valuable information about changes in mechanical stress to ultimately identify the different pathways of mechanotransduction in bone cells. Despite many in vivo and in vitro studies under both real microgravity and simulated conditions, the mechanism of bone loss is still not well defined. The objective of this review is to summarize the recent research on bone cells under microgravity conditions based on advances in the field.

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“…Investigations on the Canadian side included effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related peptide (PTHrP) on osteobasts, the CD200 ligand pathway in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and the cytoskeleton of bone cells in microgravity. European investigators looked at fibrogenesis of osteoblasts, osteoclast differentiation, and the effects of microgravity on the cross-influence of osteoclasts and osteoblasts (23). The eOSTEO system includes automated hardware specifically designed for bone cell cultures and is currently the system of choice for culturing bone and bone derived cells.…”

Section: Flight Hardware For Bone Biology Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteocyte biology and space flight

Pajevic¹,

Spatz²,

Garr³

et al. 2013

CBIOT

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The last decade has seen an impressive expansion of our understanding of the role of osteocytes in skeletal homeostasis. These amazing cells, deeply embedded into the mineralized matrix, are the key regulators of bone homeostasis and skeletal mechano sensation and transduction. They are the cells that can sense the mechanical forces applied to the bone and then translate these forces into biological responses. They are also ideally positioned to detect and respond to hormonal stimuli and to coordinate the function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts through the production and secretion of molecules such as Sclerostin and RANKL. How osteocytes perceive mechanical forces and translate them into biological responses in still an open question. Novel "in vitro" models as well the opportunity to study these cells under microgravity condition, will allow a closer look at the molecular and cellular mechanisms of mechano transduction. This article highlights novel investigations on osteocytes and discusses their significance in our understanding of skeletal mechano transduction.

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Microgravity during spaceflight directly affects in vitro osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption

Cited by 116 publications

References 15 publications

Static and Dynamic Hypergravity Responses of Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts in Medaka Scales

Static and Dynamic Hypergravity Responses of Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts in Medaka Scales

Physiological Effects of Microgravity on Bone Cells

Osteocyte biology and space flight

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