Microgravity Effects on Chronoamperometric Ammonia Oxidation Reaction at Platinum Nanoparticles on Modified Mesoporous Carbon Supports

Poventud-Estrada, Carlos M.; Acevedo, Raúl; Morales, Cristián; Betancourt, Luís; Diaz, Diana Coral; Rodriguez, Manuel A; Larios, Eduardo; José–Yacamán, Miguel; Nicolau, Eduardo; Flynn, Michael; Cabrera, Carlos R.

doi:10.1007/s12217-017-9558-5

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Besides hydrogen and methanol, fuel cells have been proposed utilizing ammonia as a fuel [29][30][31] . Ammonia has recently been considered as the main substitution for hydrogen and the next generation fuel 32 due to its high energy density (12.6 MJ L −1 ) and the easiness of storage and transportation 29 .…”

Section: Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This leads to a significant peak current decrease compared to ground-based experiments 29 . The result was supported by Poventud-Estrada et al, who found that the morphology of the electrocatalyst itself had a significant impact on the efficiency of the reaction in microgravity: using Ptsupported mesoporous carbon electrodes with three different pore diameters, the authors showed that all three catalysts yielded in a 25-63% decrease of in ammonia oxidation current in comparison to ground-based tests within time scales of 1 s to 15 s, although a catalyst with a 137 Å-size porous nanostructure only showed a decrease of 25-48% 30 . This suggests that a careful evaluation and optimization of the electrocatalyst design, gas product removal as well as a further understanding of the governing mass transfer processes in microgravity environment are necessary to advance the development of (alternative) fuel cell concepts for space applications.…”

Section: Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fundamentals and future applications of electrochemical energy conversion in space

Brinkert

Mandin

2022

npj Microgravity

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Long-term space missions require power sources and energy storage possibilities, capable at storing and releasing energy efficiently and continuously or upon demand at a wide operating temperature range, an ultra-high vacuum environment and a significantly reduced buoyant force. Electrochemical energy conversion systems play already a major role e.g., during launch and on the International Space Station, and it is evident from these applications that future human space missions - particularly to Moon and Mars - will not be possible without them. Here, we will provide an overview of currently existing electrochemical conversion technologies for space applications such as battery systems and fuel cells and outline their role in materials design and fabrication as well as fuel production. The focus lies on the current operation of these energy conversion systems in space as well as the challenges posed on them by this special environment. Future experiment designs which could help elucidating and optimizing their key operating parameters for an efficient and long-term operation are discussed.

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Section: Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamentals and future applications of electrochemical energy conversion in space

Brinkert

Mandin

2022

npj Microgravity

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“…The AELISS is a miniaturized version of the Electrochemical Microgravity Laboratory (EML) comprised of two major components: the Electronic Rack (ER) and the Electrochemical Equipment Box (EEB). [6][7][8] Ammonia Electrooxidation Laboratory at the ISS (AELISS) was inside a 2U Nanoracks module (NR-2U) of 4" x 4" x 8" dimensions and connected to the ISS power rack via a USB-b port (5V and 5A). AELISS is comprised of two main parts: the electrical module and the electrochemical containers.…”

Section: Hardware Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomous Electrochemical System for Ammonia Oxidation Reaction Measurements at the International Space Station

Cabrera

Morales-Navas

Martinez

et al. 2022

Preprint

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An autonomous electrochemical system prototype for ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) measurements was efficiently done inside a 4" x 4" x 8" 2U Nanoracks module at the International Space Station (ISS). This system, the Ammonia Electrooxidation Lab at the ISS (AELISS), included an autonomous electrochemical system that complied with NASA ISS nondisclosure agreements, power, safety, security, size constrain, and material compatibility established for space missions. The integrated autonomous electrochemical system was tested on-ground and when deployed to the International Space Station as a “proof-of-concept” ammonia oxidation reaction testing space devise. Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry measurements were done at the ISS with a commercially available channel flow-cell with eight screen-printed electrodes, including Ag quasi-reference (AgQRE) and carbon counter electrodes. Pt nanocubes in Carbon Vulcan XC-72R were used as the catalyst for the AOR and 2 μL drop of Pt nanocubes/ Carbon Vulcan XC-72R, 20 wt%, ink was placed on the carbon working electrodes and allowed to dry in air. After the AELISS was prepared for launch to the ISS, a four days deal (two days in the space vehicle Antares and two days transit to the ISS) cause a slight shift on the AgQRE potential. Nevertheless, the AOR cyclic voltametric peak was observed in the ISS and showed ca. 70% current density decrease due to the buoyancy effect in agreement with previous microgravity experiments done at the zero-g airplane.

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“…Cabrera et. al., have utilized urease, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of urea to ammonia, and Proteus Vulgaris bacteria to create an ureolysis system for urine recycling 8,[10][11][12][13][14] . The bacteria has been used to catalyze the conversion of urea to ammonia in a bioreactor.…”

Section: Ammonia Oxidation For Urine Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemistry for Space Life Support

Nelson

Vijapur

Hall

et al. 2020

Electrochem. Soc. Interface

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Electrochemical technology plays a key role in maintaining habitable environments for human space exploration. Historically, oxygen generation through electrolysis has been a key electrochemical technology for space life support. However, emerging electrochemical technologies are changing the way we process carbon dioxide and urine to supply oxygen and fresh water. Similarly, electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide can support in-situ resource utilization to produce disinfectants for sanitary needs. These technologies will support space exploration that relies upon closed loop living and is increasingly independent of ground support, opening opportunities for human exploration of the Moon and Mars.

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Microgravity Effects on Chronoamperometric Ammonia Oxidation Reaction at Platinum Nanoparticles on Modified Mesoporous Carbon Supports

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Fundamentals and future applications of electrochemical energy conversion in space

Fundamentals and future applications of electrochemical energy conversion in space

Autonomous Electrochemical System for Ammonia Oxidation Reaction Measurements at the International Space Station

Electrochemistry for Space Life Support

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