Microgrid control based on a grid-forming inverter operating as virtual synchronous generator with enhanced dynamic response capability

Șerban, I.; Ion, Catalin Petrea

doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2017.01.009

Cited by 91 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The dynamics of the angular speed and output power of the VSG depend on the values of the virtual inertia ( J v ) and virtual damping ( D v ) . The VSG mechanical dynamics, which determine the output power ( P out ) of the type‐4 WTG, are described by:

J_{v} ω_{v} \frac{d ω_{v}}{dt} + D_{v} ((), ω_{v} - ω_{sys}) = P_{normalm, normalv} - P_{out},

\frac{d θ_{v}}{dt} = ω_{v},

where ω v is the VSG angular speed, θ v is the virtual mechanical phase angle of the VSG, ω sys is the system frequency, and P m,v is the virtual mechanical power of the VSG. In order to avoid the measurement of the system frequency ( ω sys ) by a phase locked loop, which is typically prone to noise problems, the mechanical damping of the VSG is implemented considering only the ω v and a low‐pass filter with a time constant T d .…”

Section: Virtual Synchronous Generator and Frequency Control Appliedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Operating point optimization of wind turbine generators for provision of inertial response and frequency control

Tessaro¹,

Oliveira²

2020

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary Inertial and frequency control approaches for wind turbine generators have proven to be effective in mitigating the frequency control and stability problems inherent to power systems and microgrids with high penetration levels of wind generation. This paper proposes an optimization formulation to determine the operating point of de‐loaded wind turbines in order to improve the mechanical dynamics of the wind turbine‐generator set. Such operating point optimization reduces the speed deviation magnitude and settling time of the wind turbine caused by the action of inertial and frequency control. The optimization approach is integrated into a combined inertial and frequency control approach for type‐4 wind turbine generators. The optimized control approach, based on the concept of virtual synchronous generator, may extend the inertial response and frequency control capabilities of type‐4 wind turbine generators, thus improving the transient and steady‐state frequency performance of high wind penetrated power systems.

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J_{v} ω_{v} \frac{d ω_{v}}{dt} + D_{v} ((), ω_{v} - ω_{sys}) = P_{normalm, normalv} - P_{out},

\frac{d θ_{v}}{dt} = ω_{v},

Section: Virtual Synchronous Generator and Frequency Control Appliedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The VSG implementation may include reactive power control or voltage control . However, this work employs the conventional voltage control based on a proportional‐integral controller, which regulates the voltage at the output of the WTG .…”

Section: Virtual Synchronous Generator and Frequency Control Appliedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operating point optimization of wind turbine generators for provision of inertial response and frequency control

Tessaro¹,

Oliveira²

2020

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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“…Since this system is easy to install, it is used widely. Also, as it uses the power source of the generator output node as its power source, the range of operation control is limited and if there is a failure at the output node the power source will be lost, which can be considered as a negative factor [55][56][57]. Figure 4 shows generator output voltage control method for static excitation system.…”

Section: Static Excitation Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cost-Effective Redundant Digital Excitation Control System and Test Bed Experiment for Safe Power Supply for Process Industry 4.0

Lee

2018

Processes

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Recently, the energy demand and supply situation in the Republic of Korea (ROK) has been largely affected by the fluctuations in the energy markets around the world. Such a situation has provided a basis for requiring improvements to power plant facilities. The automatic generator voltage control systems in large-scale power plants are adopting a rapid-response static excitation method to improve the transient stability. A domestic commercially developed large-scale triple-redundant excitation system is currently operated by the 1000 MW-class nuclear power plant and its efficiency has been verified at the same site. However, such a system is too costly for smaller power plants so that a reliable and low-cost redundant digital excitation control system was developed and introduced in this study to resolve the cost problem. The system has improved its stability and reliability at the same time through double (redundant) configuration. Additionally, the system's performance was put to the test by conducting a series of control function tests after applying it to the gas turbine used in a thermal power station. This study includes the development of system hardware, simulations as well as on-site experiments and each element was validated as a result. Also, the study discusses and validates the method used for replacing the protective relays at the Kanudi power plant operating in Papua New Guinea. The replacement of 27 and 81 protective relays at the existing power plant was carried out as they did not function properly. New relays were installed after removing the power supply in the existing panel. The individual power output sections of new relays were connected in parallel with the existing properly functioning relays, as previous protective relays had only allowed monitoring without outputting the contents. Thus, the new protective system was designed to enable both existing and new relays to carry out the detection function. It was validated that the replacement was successful. The new system with the new relays is performing properly by protecting its power generator and preventing further accidents.

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“…Several researchers have suggested that the provision of inertia from converter-based systems might be beneficial for the power system [7], but current control, the most popular type of converter control for the integration of renewable power into the grid, cannot support this service. Several approaches have been suggested to improve the converter response during a frequency event, such as adding an inertia loop to a standard current controller [8] or using grid-forming converters [9]. The drivetrain is modelled as a two-mass system with a flexible shaft to provide the required interactions for study [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Grid-Connected Wind Turbines with an Inertia Response by Considering Internal Dynamics

et al. 2020

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This paper presents a small-signal analysis of different grid side controllers for full power converter wind turbines with inertia response capability. In real wind turbines, the DC link controller, the drivetrain damping controller and the inertial response might present contradictory control actions in a close bandwidth range. This situation might lead to reduced control performance, increased component stress and non-compliance of connection agreements. The paper presents an analysis of the internal wind turbine dynamics by considering different grid-side converter control topologies: standard current control used in the wind industry, standard current control with inertia emulation capabilities and virtual synchronous machines. Comments are made on the similarities between each topology and the negative effects and limits, and possible remedies are discussed. Finally, the conclusion poses that the inclusion of a DC link voltage controller reduces the ability of a converter to respond to external frequency events without energy storage. The degradation increases with the DC link voltage control speed.

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Microgrid control based on a grid-forming inverter operating as virtual synchronous generator with enhanced dynamic response capability

Cited by 91 publications

References 38 publications

Operating point optimization of wind turbine generators for provision of inertial response and frequency control

Operating point optimization of wind turbine generators for provision of inertial response and frequency control

A Cost-Effective Redundant Digital Excitation Control System and Test Bed Experiment for Safe Power Supply for Process Industry 4.0

Assessment of Grid-Connected Wind Turbines with an Inertia Response by Considering Internal Dynamics

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