Dedico este trabalho aos meus pais, José e Helena, que sempre apoiaram e incentivaram os meus estudos. Dedico também ao meu querido PedroHenrique por toda atenção, apoio, incentivo e amor. Eucalyptus plantations currently cover 4.5 million hectares of Brazilian territory. This forestry is expanding mainly over areas of extensive livestock production. The effects of the replacement of pastures by eucalyptus plantations on the distribution of small mammals are still unknown. In this context, this study aimed at to identify the distribution pattern and abundance of small mammals in an area where recently cattle pastures were converted into eucalyptus plantations. This study was carried out at Fazenda Três Lagoas and Fazenda Arca in the municipality of Angatuba, located in the Upper Paranapanema river basin, between August 2007 and July 2009. The small mammals' survey was carried out with pitfall traps distributed in 30 sampling units. Fourteen species of orders Didelphimorphia and Rodentia were captured. The abandoned pasture and the native vegetation presented a higher abundance and species richness in relation to the eucalyptus plantations. The taxocenosis of small mammals in this silvicultural landscape resembles those found in other agricultural landscapes. These results together and the current land use trend suggest that eucalyptus plantations can be relatively to small mammals. However, the remnants of native vegetation in silvicultural landscapes are essential to the conservation of these species. Os mamíferos não voadores de pequeno porte (roedores e marsupiais com massa inferior a 1,5 kg) possuem um vasto leque de estratégias locomotoras e de forrageamento, pequena área de vida e especificidade do uso de micro habitats, aliado à sensibilidade às modificações no ambiente. Isto faz deles um excelente objeto de estudo sobre os impactos de ações antrópicas associadas à mudança do uso da terra (BELLOWS et al., 2001;MALCOLM, 1995;PARDINI et al., 2005, PARDINI;PIRES et al., 2002;VIEIRA et al., 2005). CÁCERES et al., 2002; CARVALHO et al., 2005; CASTELLARINI et al., 2003; MACEDO et al., 2010;BONATO, 2004;MARTINS et al., 2006; LEINER; SILVA, 2007;LESSA; COSTA, 2010;TALAMONI et al., 2008 Mendoza, v.13, n.1, p. 11-19, 2006. CÁCERES, N.C. Diet of three didelphid marsupials (Mammalia, Didelphimorphia) in Southern Brazil. Mammalian Biology, Jena, v.69, n.6, p. 430-433, 2004. CÁCERES, N.C.; GHIZONI-JR, I.R.; GRAIPEL, M.E. Diet of two marsupials Lutreolina crassicaudata and Micoureos demerarae, in coastal Atlantic Forest island of Brazil. Mammalia, Paris, v.66, n.3, p. 331-340, 2002. MARTINS, E.G.; BONATO, V.; PINHEIRO, H.P.; REIS, S.F. Diet of the gracile mouse opossum (Gracilinanus microtarsus) (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) in a Brazilian Cerrado: patterns of food consumption and intrapopulation variation.