Microhardness and Macrostructures of Friction Stir Welded T-joints

Đurđević, Andrijana; Sedmak, Aleksandar; Živković, Aleksandar; Đurđević, Đorđe; Marković, Milan; Milčić, Miodrag

doi:10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.071

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Studies also support that during the FSW process, welding operations performed by using tilting angle showed good mechanical properties [16,17,39]. The results of this study demonstrated that the tilting angle also has an important effect on the mechanical properties of the welded specimens.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

“…They found out via a combination of experimental and numerical analyses that the formation of the banded structures is *Corresponding author: e-mail address: ftolun@balikesir.edu.tr mainly related to the geometry of the pin, whereas the friction conditions have a much smaller effect. Durdevic et al [17] welded AA5754 H111 aluminium sheets with a "T" connection by FSW using different parameters. Their result showed that in the heat-affected zone (HAZ), there were higher values of microhardness for the specimen P4.1, which welded at 27 mm min −1 welding speed, 950 rpm tool rotation speed, 1 • tilting angle, 5.8 mm tool plunge depth, 4 radii of backing plates than microhardness of specimen P4.2 which welded at 27 mm min −1 feed rate, 950 rpm tool rotation speed, 1 • tilting angle, 5.8 mm tool plunge depth, 4 radii of backing plates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical and microstructural properties of friction stir welded AA5083 and AA5754 aluminium alloys TOLUN, F.

Tolun¹

2021

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Friction stir welding is a solid-state welding method for joining materials having the same or different properties at temperatures below their melting points. Generally, the welding parameters affect the microstructural and mechanical properties of welded specimens. In this study, AA5083 and AA5754 aluminium alloys were joined by friction stir welding at different tool rotation speeds of 450, 700, and 900 rpm, feed rates of 40, 50, and 80 mm min −1 , and tilting angles of 0 • , 1 • , and 3 • using a tapered stir pin. The effects of these welding parameters on the mechanical properties of the welded parts were examined by tensile and micro-hardness tests. Moreover, the welded joints were analysed using an optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results indicated that the specimen welded at 50 mm min −1 feed rate, 450 rpm tool rotation speed, and a 1 • tilting angle exhibited the highest welding strength and elongation values.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and microstructural properties of friction stir welded AA5083 and AA5754 aluminium alloys TOLUN, F.

Tolun¹

2021

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“…This phenomenon, known as stirring action, provides valuable information about the internal defect formation [ 56 , 57 , 58 ]. The controlling stirring action during FSW of the T-configuration is essential to produce a sound joint [ 3 , 19 , 36 , 59 ]. The material velocity can change the share of the flange in the welding area.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of FSW Tool Plunge Depth on Properties of an Al-Mg-Si Alloy T-Joint: Thermomechanical Modeling and Experimental Evaluation

et al. 2021

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One of the main challenging issues in friction stir welding (FSW) of stiffened structures is maximizing skin and flange mixing. Among the various parameters in FSW that can affect the quality of mixing between skin and flange is tool plunge depth (TPD). In this research, the effects of TPD during FSW of an Al-Mg-Si alloy T-joint are investigated. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method can help understand TPD effects on FSW of the T-joint structure. For this reason, the CFD method is employed in the simulation of heat generation, heat distribution, material flow, and defect formation during welding processes at various TPD. CFD is a powerful method that can simulate phenomena during the mixing of flange and skin that are hard to assess experimentally. For the evaluation of FSW joints, macrostructure visualization is carried out. Simulation results showed that at higher TPD, more frictional heat is generated and causes the formation of a bigger stir zone. The temperature distribution is antisymmetric to the welding line, and the concentration of heat on the advancing side (AS) is more than the retreating side (RS). Simulation results from viscosity changes and material velocity study on the stir zone indicated that the possibility of the formation of a tunnel defect on the skin–flange interface at the RS is very high. Material flow and defect formation are very sensitive to TPD. Low TPD creates internal defects with incomplete mixing of skin and flange, and high TPD forms surface flash. Higher TPD increases frictional heat and axial force that diminish the mixing of skin and flange in this joint. The optimum TPD was selected due to the best materials flow and final mechanical properties of joints.

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“…Compared to other welded joints, similar joint stainless steel has low hardness (181 HV) but higher than base metal hardness. As the tool's rotational speed is enhanced, a greater quantity of molten base metal can contribute to the formation of the joint, resulting in a comparable alteration in the hardness of the weld seam due to the uneven distribution of an excessive amount of weld metal and the eutectic phase of IMC [18]. The high hardness value (374 HV) has been found in the titanium-titanium FSW joint, which is superior to conventional welded joints.…”

Section: Microhardnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological and mechanical properties of FSW joints of untainted stainless steel and titanium: novel characterization of similar and dissimilar joints

Ravi,

2024

Surf. Topogr.: Metrol. Prop.

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Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is an emerging solid-state welding process that joins dissimilar or similar metals based on requirements. The additional material to make the joint is also a weight reduction factor deemed vital in weight-sensitive industries like aerospace and orthopedic applications. The similar and dissimilar Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo (Ti6321) and stainless steel (SS 310) joints are performed through friction stir welding. This investigation aims to identify the effect of process parameters on the mechanical behavior and microstructural characteristics of the FSW joints. Five plates are chosen; three are FSW joints, and two are kept in the original base material. In all five plates, tensile, microhardness, and wear tests are performed, including an analysis of grain size. It is observed that the similar Ti6321 joint with a 6 mm pin diameter, 60 mm transverse speed, 900 mm rotational speed, and a constant axial force of 1 KN exhibits a maximum microhardness of 362 HV and a tensile strength of 927 MPa when compared to other joints. The tribological properties are identified as varying load (10–50 N), sliding speed (1–5 m s−1), and a constant sliding distance (1000 m) on pin-on-disc apparatus. It reveals that welding parameters and tool diameter influence tribological characteristics. The surface morphology carried out by FE-SEM revealed that the HAZ is composed of acicular α. The increase in microhardness is higher in WC than in BM due to the uniform distribution of particles. The chemical composition and phases are analyzed using XRD.

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Microhardness and Macrostructures of Friction Stir Welded T-joints

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

Mechanical and microstructural properties of friction stir welded AA5083 and AA5754 aluminium alloys TOLUN, F.

Mechanical and microstructural properties of friction stir welded AA5083 and AA5754 aluminium alloys TOLUN, F.

Effects of FSW Tool Plunge Depth on Properties of an Al-Mg-Si Alloy T-Joint: Thermomechanical Modeling and Experimental Evaluation

Tribological and mechanical properties of FSW joints of untainted stainless steel and titanium: novel characterization of similar and dissimilar joints

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