Microhardness and microstructure of austenite and ferrite in nitrogen alloyed duplex steels between 20 and 500°C

Correlative EBSD and SKPFM characterisation of microstructure development to assist determination of corrosion propensity in grade 2205 duplex stainless steel

“…For example, the ferrite can decompose into a series of meta-stable and thermodynamically stable phases, whilst the austenite has often been stated to be unaffected [2,4,6]. However, phase reactions can also occur in the austenite, increasing the volume fraction of secondary phase products in the microstructure [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Components made with large wall thicknesses, therefore, usually contain intermetallic phases due to variations in cooling rates after high temperature treatments, with the core of components typically containing large volume fractions [14,15].…”

Characterization of 475°C Embrittlement of Duplex Stainless Steel Microstructure via Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy and Magnetic Force Microscopy

“…66 The size of the spinodal network or cluster formation (precipitate nucleates) could be the reason for a decrease of the electrochemical nobility. 12 There is most likely an effective size of the spinodal products improving the electrochemical characteristics of the ferrite phase, which in turn can increase the corrosion resistance of the entire material.…”

Atmospheric-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking of Grade 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel—Effects of 475 °C Embrittlement and Process Orientation

“…R-phase can grow to sizes larger than 500 nm [6,[10][11][12][13][14]. It should be noted that similar phase reactions have also been reported in austenite, which, however, requires further investigations to make clear statements about their origin [8,9,16,17]. There has been extensive research on the characterisation of 475 °C embrittlement, which predominantly focused on investigating microstructure development and mechanical property changes [6,7,14,[18][19][20].…”