Micromechanical Property Investigations of Poly(lactic acid)–Kenaf Fiber Biocomposites

Anuar, Hazleen; Ahmad, Zuraida; Morlin, Bálint; Kovács, J.

doi:10.1080/15440478.2011.550765

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The measurement was carried out using a microbond device fixed onto a Zwick Z005 instrumented tester [23], with a test speed of 2 mm/min.…”

Section: Determination Of the Fibre-matrix Adhesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results obtained after testing at least 30 elemental fibres of the non-modified (NHF) and the thermotex-treated (THF) fabrics, are summarized in Table 5. Because of the imperfectness of the natural fibres, and the big difference in the diameters of the single fibres, the deviation of the strengths is relatively high [23,33]. The decrease in the strength of the THF fibres was still significant.…”

Section: Tensile Strength Of the Elemental Fibresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of natural fibre reinforced flame retarded epoxy resin composites

Szolnoki

Bocz

Sóti

et al. 2015

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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Natural hemp fabric reinforced epoxy resin composites were prepared in flame retarded form.Fabrics were treated in three ways: the first method involved the immersion of preheated fabric into cold phosphoric acid solution (allowing penetration into the capillaries of the fibres) and subsequent neutralization, the second way was a reactive modification carried out with an aminosilane-type coupling agent, while the third treatment combined the sol-gel surface coating with the first method. The introduction of P-content into the reinforcing fibres resulted in decreased flammability of not only the hemp fabrics, but also of the flame retardancy of epoxy composites, comprising it changed advantageously. By applying aminetype phosphorus-containing curing agent (TEDAP) in combination with the treated fabrics, V-0 UL-94 rating was achieved. Composites of unexpectedly improved static and dynamic mechanical properties could be prepared only when the simple phosphorous fibre treatment and reactive flame retardancy was combined. . This problem can be solved or moderated by using flame retarded biofibres combined with matrix containing flame retardant additive, by which way the polymer concentration of the matrix and thus its strength can maintained [16,17,18].In this work the idea of flame retarded reinforcement was adapted to epoxy resin composites, by combining it with P-containing crosslinking agent as reactive flame retardant in the matrix.Hemp fabrics were selected for forming flame retarded reinforcement and a P-containing amine [19,20] was applied as curing agent in the FR matrix composites. Materials and methods MaterialsThe epoxy Fabric treatmentTwill woven hemp fabrics (HF) were washed with water to remove dust and impurities and then dried in oven at 70 °C for 12 h. The fibres were treated in three ways in order to render them flame retardant. In the first case, the so-called thermotex procedure [21] was applied.The high-temperature treatment of the fabrics allows better absorption of the treating solution to the capillaries of the fabric. For this purpose, the fabrics were preheated at 120 °C for 2 h, and then immersed in cold 17 mass% phosphoric acid solution for 5 min. The ratio of fabric to phosphoric acid solution was 1 g to 10 ml. As the acid may induce long-term degradation in cellulose fibre structure, it was neutralized by immersing the fabrics in 5% ammonium hydroxide solution. The excess of the treating and neutralizing solutions were removed by pressing the fabrics by a foulard. After treatment, the fabrics were dried in air. The amount of the absorbed phosphorus was determined by the mass increase of the treated fibres and by elemental analysis using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (see section 2.3.3). The mass increase of the THF fibres was 8 mass%, which means the absorption of 1.7 mass% of P (1.65 mass% by elemental analysis).In the other case, sol-gel treatment of the fabrics was carried out using Geniosil GF-9 aminetype silane. The fabrics were immersed in 10 mass% toluene solution...

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“…The measurement was carried out using a microbond device fixed onto a Zwick Z005 instrumented tester [23], with a test speed of 2 mm/min.…”

Section: Determination Of the Fibre-matrix Adhesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tensile Strength Of the Elemental Fibresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of natural fibre reinforced flame retarded epoxy resin composites

Szolnoki

Bocz

Sóti

et al. 2015

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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“…The matrix was sheared off by Zwick Z005 (Ulm, Germany) type universal tester using a special droplet removing device [17,18] at room temperature. Electron micrographs were made on EOL JSM-6380LA (Tokyo, Japan) type electron microscope, with gold coated specimens.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of fiber/matrix adhesion: test speed and specimen shape effects in the cylinder test

2013

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Abstract:The cylinder test, developed from the microdroplet test, was adapted to assess the interfacial adhesion strength between fiber and matrix. The sensitivity of cylinder test to pullout speed and specimen geometry was measured. It was established that the effect of test speed can be described as a superposition of two opposite, simultaneous effects which have been modeled mathematically by fitting two parameter Weibull curves on the measured datas.Effects of the cylinder size and its geometrical relation on the measured strength values have been analyzed by finite element method. It was concluded that the geometry has a direct influence on the stress formation. Based on the results achieved, recommendations were given on how to perform the novel single fiber cylinder test.

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“…Microbond test is a suitable method for the determination of the adhesion between the composite parts. Matrix droplets are placed on elemental fibres prepared from the reinforcing fabric, and the interfacial shear strength is measured using a microbond device fixed onto a universal tester [129,136].…”

Section: Fire Retardancy Of Thermoplastic Biomatricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire-retardant recyclable and biobased polymer composites

Marosi

Szolnoki

Bocz

et al. 2017

Novel Fire Retardant Polymers and Composite Materials

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In this chapter, flame retardancy of recyclable and bio-based polymer composites is reviewed. Synthesis routes to obtain thermosetting bio-based polymer matrices are discussed and environmentally friendly flame retardancy solutions are proposed. Fire retardancy of thermoplastic biomatrices and fully recyclable self-reinforced composites made thereof are summarized. New methods to characterize the flame retardant biocomposites and understand their thermal degradation and flame retardant mechanisms are presented. After reviewing the chemical treatments to flame retard natural fibres, flame retardancy results of thermosetting and thermoplastic biocomposites are discussed. Green solutions utilizing synergistic effects, multifunctionality and integrated approaches are highlighted. Finally, application possibilities, future trends in the field of flame retarded biocomposites are indicated.

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Micromechanical Property Investigations of Poly(lactic acid)–Kenaf Fiber Biocomposites

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

Development of natural fibre reinforced flame retarded epoxy resin composites

Development of natural fibre reinforced flame retarded epoxy resin composites

Investigation of fiber/matrix adhesion: test speed and specimen shape effects in the cylinder test

Fire-retardant recyclable and biobased polymer composites

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