Micromechanisms of fatigue crack initiation and propagation in bone cements

Bhambri, S.K.; Gilbertson, Leslie N.

doi:10.1002/jbm.820290214

Cited by 78 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Another disadvantage of PMMA as an orthopedic material is its radiolucency (Bhambri et al 1995;Ginebra et al 2002). Since X-rays are used to monitor the bone healing process, identifying osteolytic lesions around an implant, and detecting fractures in the bone cement after surgery, radiolucent PMMA cements presents a challenge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since X-rays are used to monitor the bone healing process, identifying osteolytic lesions around an implant, and detecting fractures in the bone cement after surgery, radiolucent PMMA cements presents a challenge. Conventionally, two heavy metal ion salts (barium sulfate or zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2 ) have been added to bone cements to increase its X-ray contrast; both in micron particle form (Bhambri et al 1995;Ginebra et al 2002). However, adding micron sized metal ions adversely affects the biological and mechanical properties of PMMA (Bhambri et al 1995;Ginebra et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conventionally, two heavy metal ion salts (barium sulfate or zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2 ) have been added to bone cements to increase its X-ray contrast; both in micron particle form (Bhambri et al 1995;Ginebra et al 2002). However, adding micron sized metal ions adversely affects the biological and mechanical properties of PMMA (Bhambri et al 1995;Ginebra et al 2002). For example, micron-sized particles of BaSO 4 decreased the tensile strength of bone cements from 45 MPa to 36 MPa (Ginebra et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, to monitor new bone growth surrounding PMMA after insertion, the radiopacity of PMMA can be increased by adding a common contrast agent (such as barium sulfate [BaSO 4 ]) (Ginebra et al 2002). However, there are limitations on the amount of BaSO 4 that can be added to PMMA since BaSO 4 has been shown to adversely affect the mechanical and biocompatibility properties of PMMA at high concentrations (Bhambri et al 1995;Ginebra et al 2002). Lastly, although PMMA does support new bone growth, studies have highlighted decreased osteoblast (bone forming cell) functions on PMMA compared with other common orthopedic coating materials, such as calcium phosphates and hydroxyapatite (Glimcher 1987;Gauthier et al 1999;Barralet et al 2004;Gbureck et al 2004;Lilley et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of nano MgO and BaSO4 particle size additives on properties of PMMA bone cement

Ricker

Liu-Snyder²,

Webster

2008

IJN

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Abstract:A common technique to aid in implant fi xation into surrounding bone is to inject bone cement into the space between the implant and surrounding bone. The most common bone cement material used clinically today is poly(methyl methacrylate), or PMMA. Although promising, there are numerous disadvantages of using PMMA in bone fi xation applications which has limited its wide spread use. Specifi cally, the PMMA polymerization reaction is highly exothermic in situ, thus, damaging surrounding bone tissue while curing. In addition, PMMA by itself is not visible using typical medical imaging techniques (such as X-rays required to assess new bone formation surrounding the implant). Lastly, although PMMA does support new bone growth, studies have highlighted decreased osteoblast (bone forming cell) functions on PMMA compared to other common orthopedic coating materials, such as calcium phosphates and hydroxyapatite. For these reasons, the goal of this study was to begin to investigate novel additives to PMMA which can enhance its cytocompatibility properties with osteoblasts, decrease its exothermic reaction when curing, and increase its radiopacity. Results of this study demonstrated that compared to conventional (or micron) equivalents, PMMA with nanoparticles of MgO and BaSO 4 reduced harmful exothermic reactions of PMMA during solidifi cation and increased radiopacity, respectively. Moreover, osteoblast adhesion increased on PMMA with nanoparticles of MgO and BaSO 4 compared with PMMA alone. This study, thus, suggests that nanoparticles of MgO and BaSO 4 should be further studied for improving properties of PMMA for orthopedic applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The influence of nano MgO and BaSO4 particle size additives on properties of PMMA bone cement

Ricker

Liu-Snyder²,

Webster

2008

IJN

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…229 -241, April -June, 2011 important to obtain a good contrast distribution throughout the polymeric matrix in order to avoid degradation of the mechanical properties. However, the dispersion of inorganic fillers in the polymer matrix is frequently heterogeneous, so that clumps of inorganic radiopaque agents are often present (Van Hooy-Corstjensa et al, 2004) and can initiate the formation of cracks (Bhambri and Gilbertson, 1995). It has been verified that the presence of small particles of BaSO 4 in the BC may result in an increase in the fracture propagation resistance promoted by fatigue (Molino andTopoleski, 1996, Ginebra et al, 2002).…”

Section: Verified That It Is Verymentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of bone cement composites: effect of fillers, co-monomer and particles properties

Santos¹,

Pita²,

Melo³

et al. 2011

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-Artificial bone cements (BCs) based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) powders and methyl methacrylate (MMA) liquid monomer also present in their formulation small amounts of other substances, including a chemical initiator compound and radiopaque agents. Because inadequate mixing of the recipe components during the manufacture of the bone cement may compromise the mechanical properties of the final pieces, new techniques to incorporate the fillers into the BC and their effect upon the mechanical properties of BC pieces were investigated in the present study. PMMA powder composites were produced insitu in the reaction vessel by addition of X-ray contrasts to the reacting MMA mixture. It is shown that this can lead to much better mechanical properties of test pieces, when compared to standard bone cement formulations, because enhanced dispersion of the radiopaque agents can be achieved. Moreover, it is shown that the addition of hydroxyapatite (HA) and acrylic acid (AA) to the bone cement recipe can be beneficial for the mechanical performance of the final material. It is also shown that particle morphology can exert a tremendous effect upon the performance of test pieces, indicating that the suspension polymerization step should be carefully controlled when optimization of the bone cement formulation is desired.

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A versatile three-iodine molecular building block leading to new radiopaque polymeric biomaterials

Benzina

Kruft

Veen

et al. 1996

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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A methacrylic monomer containing three iodine atoms, 2- [2',3',5'-triiodobenzoyl]-ethyl methacrylate (compound 1), was prepared in pure form. Compound 1 can be reacted with other methacrylates, such as methyl methacrylate (MMA), and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with high conversion. Typically, less than 0.5% of free monomer is left after polymerization. For example, compound 1 was reacted with MMA and HEMA in the molar ratio 7:73:20, respectively. This yielded a terpolymer with Tg = 86 degrees C, Mw = 47,000 g/ mol and Mn = 22,800 g/mol. This material was characterized by various physicochemical techniques, including gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H at 400 MHz, DMSO-d6 solution). In addition the material was found to exhibit low surface thrombogenicity in vitro and a low propensity to activate contacting blood platelets. Furthermore it was found that the terpolymer is markedly radiopaque: even thin objects (< 0.5 mm) could be easily visualized using X-ray fluoroscopic techniques as are routinely used in the clinic, e.g., during coronary angiography. The combined results obtained with the present terpolymer (particularly its in vitro hemocompatibility and its radiopacity) leads to the suggestion that this type of polymer could be used as cardiovascular biomaterials, for instance for the construction of a new type of endovascular stents. These would be expected to show improved biocompatibility if compared with metallic stents which are currently used, for instance in conjunction with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). A stent prototype, constructed from the present radiopaque terpolymer, is shown and discussed briefly.

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Micromechanisms of fatigue crack initiation and propagation in bone cements

Cited by 78 publications

References 6 publications

The influence of nano MgO and BaSO4 particle size additives on properties of PMMA bone cement

The influence of nano MgO and BaSO4 particle size additives on properties of PMMA bone cement

Production of bone cement composites: effect of fillers, co-monomer and particles properties

A versatile three-iodine molecular building block leading to new radiopaque polymeric biomaterials

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