“…A range of biocompatible polymers including, singly or in combination, poly-L-lactic acid (PLA) (24–26), poly-glycolic acid (PGA) (24), poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) (24–26), cyclic-olefin copolymer (COC) (27,28), poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) (29), poly (vinyl) alcohol (PVA) (30), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (25,31), and silk (32), as well as sugars including galactose (33), maltose (34,35), and dextrin (33) have been used to fabricate dissolvable MNAs. Many different technologies have been used for fabrication of dissolvable MNAs such as photo-lithography (36) and laser etching (38) to createmolds and injection molding, investment molding, casting, and hot embossing to create the final needle arrays (27,28,36). The bioactive material to be delivered is encapsulated into the dissolvable (matrix) material through the fabrication process; thus, when dissolved, MNAs deliver the cargo in bolus or sustained fashion.…”