Micromorphology analysis of TiO<sub>2</sub> thin films by atomic force microscopy images: The influence of postannealing

Ţălu, Ștefan; Achour, Amine; Solaymani, Shahram; Nikpasand, Kimia; Dalouji, Vali; Sari, A. H.; Rezaee, Sahar; Nezafat, Negin Beryani

doi:10.1002/jemt.23433

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…It is important to mention that multiferroic materials contribute to the development of new scientific methods [20]. In addition, topographical maps obtained by AFM allow us to access several parameters, such as stereometric [21][22][23], fractal [24][25][26][27], multifractal [28][29][30], and power spectrum density (PSD) [23,31,32], which are very useful for characterization of surfaces at micro-or nanoscale. For this reason, exploring the nanoscale morphology of LuMnO 3 thin films can provide reliable answers about the effect of sintering temperature on the formation of its topography.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Stereometric and Fractal Patterns of Spin‐Coated LuMnO₃ Thin Films

Marques

Matos

Romaguera-Barcelay

et al. 2021

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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In this paper, we have performed qualitative and quantitative analysis of LuMnO3 thin films surfaces, deposited by spin coating over Pt(111)/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrates, to evaluate their spatial patterns as a function of the film’s sintering temperature. Atomic force microscopy was employed to obtain topographic maps that were extensively analyzed via image processing techniques and mathematical tools. 3D (three-dimensional) topographical images revealed that films sintered at 650°C and 750°C presented the formation of smoother surfaces, while the film sintered at 850°C displayed a rougher surface with a root mean square roughness of ∼2.5 nm. On the other direction, the height distribution of the surface for all films has similar asymmetries and shape, although the film sintered using the highest temperature showed the lower density of rough peaks and a sharper peak shape. The advanced fractal parameters revealed that the film sintered at 850°C is dominated by low spatial frequencies, showing less spatial complexity, higher microtexture homogeneity, and uniform height distribution. These results suggest that the combination of stereometric and fractal parameters can be especially useful for identification of unique topographic spatial patterns in LuMnO3 thin films, helping in their implementation in technological applications, such as photovoltaic solar cells and information magnetic date storage and spintronic devices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Stereometric and Fractal Patterns of Spin‐Coated LuMnO₃ Thin Films

Marques

Matos

Romaguera-Barcelay

et al. 2021

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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“…These analyses extract a lot of information about the topography and analyze the surface of thin films quantitatively (Nezafat et al, 2019a; Solaymani et al, 2021; Ţălu et al, 2018). The stereometric (Mozaffari et al, 2020; Sobola et al, 2017; Solaymani et al, 2020) data as well as multifractal (Fattahi et al, 2020; Ţălu et al, 2017; Ţălu et al, 2020) and fractal (Nezafat et al, 2019b; Ţălu et al, 2018) analysis are able to characterize the microtexture and particular morphological characteristics of the 3D surface. In this regard, AFM images and new image processing methods provide significant information about nanoscaled configuration and topographic features (Dalouji et al, 2019; Mahmoodi et al, 2018.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The electrophoretic deposition of TiB₂ nanoparticles produced by pulsed laser ablation: Case study on microstructural features and micromorphology properties

Teimouri

Darabi

Hantehzadeh

et al. 2022

Microscopy Res & Technique

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In the last decade, laser Ablation technique (Nd:YAG) has been considered as a perfect method for producing nanostructures with high purity. In the present study, Titanium diboride nanoparticles (TiB 2 NPs) have been deposited on Aluminum (Al) and their micromorphology and microstructural properties have been investigated. The synthesis of TiB 2 NPs has been carried out by the Laser Ablation technique (Nd:YAG) which has not been reported so far. Moreover, the effects of laser energy on improving the synthesis of TiB 2 NPs have been examined. In this regard, five samples of TiB 2 NPs were prepared by Laser Ablation method in different values of laser fluency in the range of 0.4-1.2 J/cm 2 . The structural properties of prepared nanoparticles were detected by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The morphology of samples was also investigated by field effect scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrate the formation of spherical nanoparticles in all samples. Based on the results of the GIXRD patterns, pulsed laser energy is an effective parameter for the size of ablated nanoparticles. As can be seen, increasing the energy of laser beam decreases the average size of nanoparticles from 79.41 to 4 nm. As the next step, the as-prepared nanoparticles were deposited on Aluminum substrate with electrophoretic deposition technique at constant applied voltage (30 Volt) and constant deposition time (30 min). The X-ray diffraction pattern of TiB 2 NPs deposited onto Al substrate confirmed the formation of the TiB 2 thin films on all Al substrates. Also, the roughness and average particle size of deposited films were measured by atomic force microscopy images and MountainsMap ® Premium software. Increasing the fluency of laser beam made the surface more irregular and the maximum value of fractal dimension and hence, the most irregular topography has been observed in the sample produced by maximum laser fluency. Research Highlights• Titanium diboride nanoparticles have been synthesized by the laser ablation technique.• The effects of laser energy on improving the synthesis of TiB 2 NPs have been investigated.

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“…presented TiO 2 thin films obtained by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and studied their topography by AFM using 2D and 3D modules. Ţălu, Achour, et al 33 . studied the morphology and microtexture of TiO 2 thin films deposited by RF‐Magnetron sputtering using AFM correlating stereometric parameters with their morphology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…deposited TiO 2 by electron beam ion assisted and evaluated its morphology using stereometric parameters and its fractal dimension. Moreover, many other studies have used AFM images associated with fractal theory to study complex systems of thin films 35–39 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale morphology and fractal analysis of TiO₂ coatings on ITO substrate by electrodeposition

Amâncio

Pinto

Matos

et al. 2021

Journal of Microscopy

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In this paper, we introduced an advanced discussion of the 3D morphology of TiO2 coatings deposited on ITO substrate by electrodeposition under different deposition times. Atomic force microscopy was applied for obtaining topographic images of the samples. The images were processed using the MountainsMap 8.0 commercial software according to ISO 25178‐2:2012. Moreover, fractal theory was applied to study the surface microtexture of coatings. The morphology was affected by the deposition time, where the grain size decreased with the increase of the time, making film's surfaces smoother. In addition, the surface roughness exhibited a random behaviour, but does not presented significant difference between samples. The fractal dimension showed similar values for all coatings. In contrast, surface texture isotropy also exhibited random behaviour. However, advanced fractal parameters revealed that when the deposition time increased, the coatings microtexture has become uniform and less porous. Furthermore, all coatings presented high topographic uniformity, regardless of deposition time. These results revealed that the morphology and microtexture of TiO2‐based coatings can be controlled by the deposition time. Lay Description An advanced characterization on the micromorphology of 3D morphology, using AFM images, of Titanium dioxide (TiO2) coatings deposited on ITO substrate by electrodeposition under different deposition times. TiO2 is one of the most studied semiconductors to make photovoltaic devices. The versatility of this semiconductor is associated with low toxicity, high photochemical stability, abundance, and the facility to obtain by conventional synthesis routes. The obtention of a homogeneous and stable layer in the semiconductor TiO2 film deposition is a crucial stage in the assembly of sensitized photovoltaic devices. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a technique which can magnify up to a billion times and it uses a tip or probe which touches the sample surface point by point. The tip deflection is interpreted as the surface topography by the software, producing 2D or 3D images that generate several tribological parameters such as roughness in respect to a scanned area, has been a technique widely reported in the morphological characterization, determination of thickness, roughness, and particle size in thin films. Therefore, in this paper, the morphology was studied by atomic force microscopy using MountainsMap commercial software. The main goal was to study the influence of the deposition time on the morphology and microtexture of the material. New parameters such as surface entropy, fractal succolarity and fractal lacunarity were obtained for studying coatings microtexture's complexity.

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Micromorphology analysis of TiO₂ thin films by atomic force microscopy images: The influence of postannealing

Cited by 22 publications

References 22 publications

Investigation of Stereometric and Fractal Patterns of Spin‐Coated LuMnO₃ Thin Films

Investigation of Stereometric and Fractal Patterns of Spin‐Coated LuMnO₃ Thin Films

The electrophoretic deposition of TiB₂ nanoparticles produced by pulsed laser ablation: Case study on microstructural features and micromorphology properties

Nanoscale morphology and fractal analysis of TiO₂ coatings on ITO substrate by electrodeposition

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Micromorphology analysis of TiO2 thin films by atomic force microscopy images: The influence of postannealing

Cited by 22 publications

References 22 publications

Investigation of Stereometric and Fractal Patterns of Spin‐Coated LuMnO3 Thin Films

Investigation of Stereometric and Fractal Patterns of Spin‐Coated LuMnO3 Thin Films

The electrophoretic deposition of TiB2 nanoparticles produced by pulsed laser ablation: Case study on microstructural features and micromorphology properties

Nanoscale morphology and fractal analysis of TiO2 coatings on ITO substrate by electrodeposition

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Micromorphology analysis of TiO₂ thin films by atomic force microscopy images: The influence of postannealing

Investigation of Stereometric and Fractal Patterns of Spin‐Coated LuMnO₃ Thin Films

Investigation of Stereometric and Fractal Patterns of Spin‐Coated LuMnO₃ Thin Films

The electrophoretic deposition of TiB₂ nanoparticles produced by pulsed laser ablation: Case study on microstructural features and micromorphology properties

Nanoscale morphology and fractal analysis of TiO₂ coatings on ITO substrate by electrodeposition