Micromorphology of Soils

Fitzpatrick, E. A.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-5544-8

Cited by 151 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Evidently large hoards, small hoards, and single bars represent part of the same ritual. Large numbers of bars probably indicate the payment of sizeable quantities of valuable metal as a gift to the gods (e. g. Bradley I984;Fitzpatrick 1984). As those offerings were evidently not intended for retrieval, the act of deposition put quantities of valuable metal out of commission.…”

Section: Power Structures? Single Finds and Hoardsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Prolific evidence exists for the deposition of items in a ritual context during later prehistory and finds of this nature come from rivers, bogs, and also from dry land contexts throughout the British Isles (Fox 1946;Manning 1972;Fitzpatrick 1984;Waite 1985;Bradley 1987). Bradley has remarked that votive deposits of the Iron Age, in contrast to those of the Neolithic and Bronze Age, were increasingly tightly structured (1987,360).…”

Section: Current Theories Of Deposition and Hoardingmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It has been shown that many iron age and Roman 'hoards' were actually votive-a donation, or obligation, to the gods (Manning 1972;Fitzpatrick 1984;Brunaux 1988). This argument does not necessarily require that the items in the hoards need have been produced primarily for deposition as votive objects.…”

Section: The Functions Of Currency Bars Ingot and Votive Object?mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Iron Age ‘Currency Bars’: The Archaeological and Social Context

Hingley¹

1990

Archaeological Journal

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Section: Power Structures? Single Finds and Hoardsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Current Theories Of Deposition and Hoardingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: The Functions Of Currency Bars Ingot and Votive Object?mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Iron Age ‘Currency Bars’: The Archaeological and Social Context

Hingley¹

1990

Archaeological Journal

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“…Blocks were prepared and image-analysed for total macroporosity (pores > 368 hm). A thin section was also prepared from one-half of each cut block to allow for description of the soil as seen under a low-power microscope (FitzPatrick, 1984). Soil profiles were fully described in June 1980.…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal changes in the structure of clay soils in relation to soil management and crop type. II. Effects of cultivation and cropping at Compton Beauchamp

Mackie-Dawson

Mullins

Goss

et al. 1989

Journal of Soil Science

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SUMMARY The effects of direct drilling and ploughing on the structure and macroporosity of a clay soil at Compton Beauchamp, Oxfordshire, growing winter wheat, were studied using large thin sections (10 * 5 * 3.5 cm) and image analysis of photographs of fluorescent resin impregnated soil blocks. Composite coarse angular to subangular blocky and medium to fine granular aggregates were present in the top 3 cm of the direct drilled soil and in the top 10 cm of the ploughed soil. Settling of the soil and coalescing of these aggregates took place throughout the year under both treatments, but was most marked in the ploughed soil. In the subsoil (20 to 30 cm) most of the structural changes could be attributed to changes in the soil water content. Swelling in the winter led to the closure of the most macropores and shrinking in the spring and summer led initially to the development of vertical planar macropores and then to large cracks. Freezing and thawing in the winter created many very small subcuboidial aggregates at the soil surface which later coalesced as a result of raindrop impact.

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“…High contrast photographs were taken of the cut faces of blocks, and illuminated with ultra-violet light in order to distinguish the pores from the rest ofthe soil. Thin sections were also made from slices cut from some of the blocks and the structure described (both procedures are given in FitzPatrick, 1984). Using a hand lens, the photographs were compared with the corresponding blocks illuminated under UV light and any quartz grains which had registered as pores were blocked out on the photograph.…”

Section: Preparation and Analysis Of Blocks And Thin Sectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal changes in the structure of clay soils in relation to soil management and crop type. I. Effects of crop rotation at Cruden Bay, NE Scotland

Mackie-Dawson

Mullins

Fitzpatrick

et al. 1989

Journal of Soil Science

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Changes in soil structure and macroporosity were investigated using large thin sections and image analysis of photographs taken from fluorescent resin impregnated soil blocks. In this way porosity measurements were combined with visual assessment of the distribution and type of soil pores and aggregates. Three sites were chosen on a clay soil at Cruden Bay, Aberdeenshire, and sampled throughout two growing seasons in order to characterize various stages of a 7-year rotation.The seasonal pattern of structural change depended on the crop. During a dry period in April and May 1980, a system of cracks developed on the grass site but not on sites sown to spring barley. The changes in structure on the grass sites could mainly be attributed to changes in water content, and the resulting cycle of shrinking and swelling.After cultivation, structural changes resulting from settling were evident. Earthworm activity, especially after manure spreading, also had a pronounced effect on structure. Since many of these processes are cyclic in this environment, the resulting structural states showed a pattern of cyclic recurrence.

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Micromorphology of Soils

Cited by 151 publications

References 44 publications

Iron Age ‘Currency Bars’: The Archaeological and Social Context

Iron Age ‘Currency Bars’: The Archaeological and Social Context

Seasonal changes in the structure of clay soils in relation to soil management and crop type. II. Effects of cultivation and cropping at Compton Beauchamp

Seasonal changes in the structure of clay soils in relation to soil management and crop type. I. Effects of crop rotation at Cruden Bay, NE Scotland

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