Micronucleus as biomarkers of cancer risk in anabolic androgenic steroids users

Souza, Leonardo da Cunha Menezes; Cruz, LA da; Cerqueira, Eneida de Moraes Marcílio; Meireles, Jrc

doi:10.1177/0960327116650005

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(132 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It has been suggested that the incidence of cancer in different tissues is strictly positively correlated to the number of stem cell divisions in the lifetime occurring in them [50]. On this basis, it can be hypothesized that the chronic administration of nandrolone, favoring the persistence and viability of stem cells in different tissues, could represent a preconditioning that, in addition to multiple hits, could enhance the risk of carcinogenesis onset especially in stem cell-rich tissues such as the liver [117,118]. The side effects on the natural synthesis of anabolic steroids play a potential role in hormonal changes/regulation and it could be suspected to be at the base of certain carcinogenic mechanisms [113,119].…”

Section: Aass and Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Effects of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids: A Literature Review

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) are a large group of molecules including endogenously produced androgens, such as testosterone, as well as synthetically manufactured derivatives. AAS use is widespread due to their ability to improve muscle growth for aesthetic purposes and athletes’ performance, minimizing androgenic effects. AAS use is very popular and 1–3% of US inhabitants have been estimated to be AAS users. However, AASs have side effects, involving all organs, tissues and body functions, especially long-term toxicity involving the cardiovascular system and the reproductive system, thereby, their abuse is considered a public health issue. The aim of the proposed review is to highlight the most recent evidence regarding the mechanisms of action of AASs and their unwanted effects on organs and lifestyle, as well as suggesting that AAS misuse and abuse lead to adverse effects in all body tissues and organs. Oxidative stress, apoptosis, and protein synthesis alteration are common mechanisms involved in AAS-related damage in the whole body. The cardiovascular system and the reproductive system are the most frequently involved apparatuses. Epidemiology as well as the molecular and pathological mechanisms involved in the neuropsychiatric side-effects of AAS abuse are still unclear, further research is needed in this field. In addition, diagnostically reliable tests for AAS abuse should be standardized. In this regard, to prevent the use of AASs, public health measures in all settings are crucial. These measures consist of improved knowledge among healthcare workers, proper doping screening tests, educational interventions, and updated legislation.

show abstract

Section: Aass and Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Effects of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids: A Literature Review

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Other mechanisms hypothesized involved DNA-damage at different levels include: micronuclei formation [ 34 , 42 ], DNA methylation [ 36 ], ROS-mediated DNA covalent binding [ 39 ], and alterations in telomerases [ 44 – 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During their catabolism, AAS reveal their oxidative role, increasing ROS, which are highly unstable and extremely reactive oxygen species, which easily lose hydrogen atoms. In this manner, they form covalent bonds with DNA bases or sequences, inducing a known genetic damage [ 39 ]. This mechanism was supposed to be connected to hepatocellular alterations because of its interference with bilirubin metabolism and vascular and cellular hyperplasia.…”

Section: From Aas Genotoxicity To Carcinogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Anabolic androgenic steroids and carcinogenicity focusing on Leydig cell: a literature review

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are some of the most common drugs used among athletes, frequently in combination with resistance training, to improve physical performance or for aesthetic purpose. A great number of scientific reports showed the detrimental effects of anabolic androgenic steroids on different organs and tissues. In this literature review, we analyzed the AAS-mediated carcinogenicity, focusing on Leydig cell tumor.AAS-induced carcinogenicity can affect DNA transcription through two pathways. It can act directly via the androgen receptor, by means of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) produced by the action of 5-a-reductase. It can also work through the estrogen receptor, by means of estradiol produced by CYP19 aromatase. In addition, nandrolone and stanazolol can activate the PI3K/AKT and PLC/PKC pathways via IGF-1. This would result in cell proliferation in Leydig cell cancer, or magnify cyclin D1 concentration inducing breast cell proliferation.AAS abuse is becoming a serious public health concern in view of the severe health consequences secondary to AAS abuse. The negative role of AAS in supraphysiological dosage impairs the expression of enzymes involved in testosterone biosynthesis. Abnormal synthesis of testosterone plays has a negative effect on the hormonal changes/regulation, and might be involved in certain carcinogenic mechanisms. At the light of this review, it could become very interesting to perform an information campaign more strengthened in gyms and schools in order to prevent male fertility impairment and other tissues damage.

show abstract

“…The micronucleus (MN) test determines chromosomal level DNA damage and is widely used to biomonitor humans exposed to clastogens and aneugens [1, 2]. Elevated frequencies of MNi are also found in patients with cancer and other diseases [3, 4]. MNi are formed from an entire chromosome or from a chromosomal fragment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The roles of kinetochore of micronucleus in mitosis of HeLa cells: a live cell imaging study

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Micronuclei (MNi) are extensively used to evaluate genotoxic effects and chromosome instability. However, the roles of kinetochore of MN in mitosis have not been completely addressed. Methods The HeLa CENP B-GFP H2B-mCherry cells are applied to address these questions via the long-term live-cell imaging. In the cells, the kinetochore-positive micronucleus (K+MN) contained CENP B-GFP, while the kinetochore-negative micronucleus (K−MN) did not. Results K−MN-bearing cells produced much more chromosome fragments than did MN-free cells. Most of the chromosome fragments eventually merged into K−MNi. K+MN-bearing cells yielded more kinetochore-positive lagging chromosomes (K+LCs) and K+MNi than MN-free cells did. The results suggested the differences in the fates of K+MNi and K−MNi in mitosis. The cycle of K−MN → Chromosome fragment → K−MN may occur in generations of K−MN-bearing cells, while part of K+MNi might reincorporate into the main nucleus. The K+MN-bearing cells prolonged significantly duration of mitosis compared with MN-free cells. The presence of micronuclei, regardless of K−MN and K+MN, enhanced apoptosis cell death. And K+MN-bearing cells were inclined to apoptosis more than K−MN-bearing cells. The results suggested differences in fates between K−MN-bearing and K+MN-bearing cells. Conclusions Kinetochore determined the fates of micronuclei. Kinetochore in micronuclei indirectly prolonged the duration of mitosis. Kinetochore enhanced cytotoxicity of micronuclei. Our data are direct evidences showing the roles of kinetochore of micronucleus in mitosis of HeLa cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-019-0917-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

Micronucleus as biomarkers of cancer risk in anabolic androgenic steroids users

Cited by 17 publications

References 60 publications

Adverse Effects of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids: A Literature Review

Adverse Effects of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids: A Literature Review

Anabolic androgenic steroids and carcinogenicity focusing on Leydig cell: a literature review

The roles of kinetochore of micronucleus in mitosis of HeLa cells: a live cell imaging study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About