Microplasma: A New Generation of Technology for Functional Nanomaterial Synthesis

Abstract

Plasma technology has been widely applied in the ozone production, material modification, gas/water cleaning, etc. Various nanomaterials were produced by thermal plasma technology. However, the high temperature process and low uniformity products limit their application for the high value added chemicals synthesis, for example the functional materials or the temperature sensitive materials. Microplasma has attracted significant attentions from various fields owing to its unique characteristics, like the highpressure operation, non-equilibrium chemistry, continuous-flow, microscale geometry and self-organization phenomenon. Its application on the functional nanomaterial synthesis was elaborately discussed in this review paper. Firstly, the main physical parameters were reviewed, which include the electron temperature, electron energy distribution function, electron density and the gas temperature. Then four representative microplasma configurations were categorized, and the proper selection of configuration was summarized in light of different conditions. Finally the synthesis, mechanism and application of some typical nanomaterials were introduced. Plasma Chem Plasma Process (2015) 35:925-962

Oxygen Electroreduction on Pt Nanoparticles Deposited on Reduced Graphene Oxide and N‐doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Prepared by Plasma‐assisted Synthesis in Aqueous Solution

“…[20] Such surface functionalities favor good dispersion of catalyst nanoparticles on rGO carrier increasing the electrochemically active surface area. [30][31][32][33][34] Plasma jet method provides good controllability, cleanliness and selectivity. [4,[22][23][24] The most common preparation method of graphenesupported Pt nanostructures is based on the reduction of GO and Pt precursors (K 2 PtCl 4 or H 2 PtCl 6 ) via different chemical and physical approaches, such as chemical reduction, photochemical method, microwave assisted preparation, electroless deposition and thermal treatment.…”

“…[25][26][27][28][29] The use of plasma-liquid interaction, where charge transfer processes take place, is currently a rapidly developing alternative technique for preparation of catalyst nanoparticles. [30][31][32][33][34] Plasma jet method provides good controllability, cleanliness and selectivity. It can tune optical and electronic properties of graphene, besides it is cost and time-effective.…”

Synthesis of Ni nanoparticles with controllable magnetic properties by atmospheric pressure microplasma assisted process

“…[12][13][14] Preceding studies have shown that particle size, morphology, composition, and microstructure can be tuned through processing parameters. 15 Moreover, as reactions take place in the gas phase, hazardous wet chemistry is not involved, rendering it to be a promising protocol for nanomaterial fabrication, especially for bio-application purpose.…”

Plasma-liquid synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial and antifungal applications

“…Atmospheric Pressure DC Microplasma is the simplistic, environmentally acceptable, fast, and cost effectual plasma-liquid interaction system. Microplasmas are non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (non-LTE), high-pressure discharges that can be handled at room temperature, atmospheric pressure, low rate of gas flow, moderate current and voltage [35][36][37]. Some noteworthy characteristics of microplasma which make them appreciable for the growth of nanoparticles include high-pressure chemistry, facile reactor geometry, uninterrupted flow and self accumulation of nanostructures formed by microplasma methods, high radical densities [38][39][40] and most importantly the connection of microplasma with solutions [41,42].…”