Microplastics exposure affects neural development of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical spheroids

Hua, Timothy; Kiran, Sonia; Li, Yan; Sang, Qing‐Xiang Amy

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128884

Cited by 65 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…The neurotoxic effect of microplastics in the brain tissue was size and concentration-dependent. 40 Long-term exposure results in a decrease in cell viability, and it also changes gene expression and neural tissue patterns. 40 Li et al 15 stated that lower antioxidant enzymes correlated with higher cellular damage triggered by oxidative stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…40 Long-term exposure results in a decrease in cell viability, and it also changes gene expression and neural tissue patterns. 40 Li et al 15 stated that lower antioxidant enzymes correlated with higher cellular damage triggered by oxidative stress. In human cerebral cells, oxidative stress is one of the cytotoxic mechanisms that explain the effects of microplastics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wistar Rats Hippocampal Neurons Response to Blood Low-Density Polyethylene Microplastics: A Pathway Analysis of SOD, CAT, MDA, 8-OHdG Expression in Hippocampal Neurons and Blood Serum Aβ42 Levels

Sincihu¹,

Lusno²,

Mulyasari³

et al. 2023

NDT

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Low-density polyethylene microplastics are ingested into the bloodstream and distributed to all the organ tissue, including the hippocampus, causing toxic effects. This research aimed to elucidate the responses of hippocampal neurons to microplastic in the blood based on the expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) enzymes, malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in hippocampal neurons, and blood serum amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ42) levels using SMART PLS pathway analysis. Methods: This was a pure experimental research on Wistar rats with a post-test control group design. Five experimental groups (X1, X2, X3, X4, X5) were given 0.0375 mg, 0.075 mg, 0.15 mg, 0.3 mg, and 0.6 mg of low-density polyethylene microplastics mixed in 2cc distilled water, respectively. Furthermore, except for control (C), the groups received microplastics an oral probe for 90 days. Results: The molecular response of hippocampal neurons of Wistar rats to microplastics in the blood significantly decreased SOD enzyme expression, while CAT enzyme was unaffected. It considerably increased neuronal membrane damage (expression of MDA), increased considerably neuronal deoxyribonucleic acid damage (expression of 8-OHdG), and decreased blood serum Aβ42 levels (pathway analysis, all t-value >1.96). Conclusion:The pathway analysis showed that hippocampal neurons were significantly affected by microplastic particles in the blood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wistar Rats Hippocampal Neurons Response to Blood Low-Density Polyethylene Microplastics: A Pathway Analysis of SOD, CAT, MDA, 8-OHdG Expression in Hippocampal Neurons and Blood Serum Aβ42 Levels

Sincihu¹,

Lusno²,

Mulyasari³

et al. 2023

NDT

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“…The size of the particles was provided by the company (Supporting Information, Table S1). In addition, one of our recent publications also further characterized the plain particles using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for the polystyrene chemical bonds and using dynamic light scattering for particle degradation …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Human Kidney and Liver Cell Morphology, Cellular Proliferation, and Metabolism

2022

Self Cite

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Microplastics have gained much attention due to their prevalence and abundance in our everyday lives. They have been detected in household items such as sugar, salt, honey, seafood, tap water, water bottles, and food items wrapped in plastic. Once ingested, these tiny particles can travel to internal organs such as the kidney and liver and cause adverse effects on the cellular level. Here, human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells and human hepatocellular (Hep G2) liver cells were used to examine the potential toxicological effects of 1 μm polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs). Exposing cells to PS-MPs caused a major reduction in cellular proliferation but no significant decrease in cell viability as determined by the trypan blue assay in both cell lines. Cell viability remained at least 94% for both cell lines even at the highest concentration of 100 μg/mL of PS-MPs. Phase-contrast imaging of both kidney and liver cells exposed to PS-MPs at 72 h showed significant morphological changes and uptake of PS-MP particles. Confocal fluorescent microscopy confirmed the uptake of 1 μm PS-MPs at 72 h for both cell lines. Additionally, flow cytometry experiments verified that more than 70% of cells internalized 1 μm PS-MPs after 48 h of exposure for both kidney and liver cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) studies revealed kidney and liver cells exposed to PS-MPs had increased levels of ROS at each concentration and for every time point tested. Furthermore, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis at 24 and 72 h revealed that both HEK 293 and Hep G2 cells exposed to PS-MPs lowered the gene expression levels of the glycolytic enzyme, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ( GAPDH ), and antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase 2 ( SOD2 ) and catalase ( CAT ), thus reducing the potential of SOD2 and CAT to detoxify ROS. These adverse effects of PS-MPs on human kidney and liver cells suggest that ingesting microplastics may lead to toxicological problems on cell metabolism and cell–cell interactions. Because exposing human kidney and liver cells to microplastics results in morphological, metabolic, proliferative changes and cellular stress, these results indicate the potential undesirable effects of microplastics on human health.

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“…Water source contamination by plastic microparticles, so-called “microplastics” (MPs), is one of the greatest environmental issues currently faced globally. , This environmental concern is multidimensional as the large-scale production of plastic-based products, the deficiencies in plastic recyclability, the lack of knowledge in MPs impact on health and their environmental toxicity combined to poor detection of MPs in the environment all constitute global challenges to be addressed for the remediation of MP pollution. − In recent years, something appears clear from the literature: to effectively reduce MPs entering, and remove MPs from the environment, a targeted approach is required to address specific major sources and pathways, which, in turn, necessitates characterization of source-specific MPs, and a greater knowledge of spatial and temporal variance in MPs across different landscape compartments…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles as a Universal High-Affinity Probe for the Selective Detection of Microplastics

Awada

Potter

Wijerathne

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Microplastic (MP) pollution is a global challenge that requires immediate mitigation practices. Monitoring is crucial for quantifying MPs, but their mitigation remains very challenging due to several factors, including the lack of selective materials to specific polymers, and the low sensitivity of the current detection techniques. In this work, we introduce a novel design for the selective detection of MPs through fluorescence spectroscopy by exploiting conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs). Fluorescent diketopyrrolopyrrole nanoparticles were prepared by nanoprecipitation to incorporate peripheral hyaluronic acid to increase their affinity for various plastics. The affinity of the new ligand for various types of MPs was examined through several characterization techniques, including fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and computational studies. The new CPN were shown to be highly fluorescent in the presence of typically abundant MPs, achieving very strong binding constants in the picomolar range. This very strong affinity for a broad family of plastics was found to be the results of cooperative supramolecular effects and topographical affinity, as probed by advanced microscopy and in silico studies. Furthermore, the new affinity probes were shown to be highly selective for MPs, allowing for their detection in heterogeneous samples, including soil debris and other organic contaminants. The new materials design introduced in this work constitute a promising platform for the development of novel MP detection devices directly useable at the point of collection. Moreover, it opens new avenue for the mitigation of this environmental hazard through tailorable materials.

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Microplastics exposure affects neural development of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical spheroids

Cited by 65 publications

References 73 publications

Wistar Rats Hippocampal Neurons Response to Blood Low-Density Polyethylene Microplastics: A Pathway Analysis of SOD, CAT, MDA, 8-OHdG Expression in Hippocampal Neurons and Blood Serum Aβ42 Levels

Wistar Rats Hippocampal Neurons Response to Blood Low-Density Polyethylene Microplastics: A Pathway Analysis of SOD, CAT, MDA, 8-OHdG Expression in Hippocampal Neurons and Blood Serum Aβ42 Levels

Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Human Kidney and Liver Cell Morphology, Cellular Proliferation, and Metabolism

Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles as a Universal High-Affinity Probe for the Selective Detection of Microplastics

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