Microplastics from lagooning sludge to composts as revealed by fluorescent staining- image analysis, Raman spectroscopy and pyrolysis-GC/MS

Hayany, Bouchra El; Fels, Loubna El; Quénéa, Katell; Dignac, Marie-France; Rumpel, Cornélia; Gupta, Vijay; Hafidi, Mohamed

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111249

Cited by 87 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…First, the WWTP influent and effluent sampling times, , location, ,, and depth can affect the concentrations. Similarly, concentrations in sludge can vary based on how they were processed: activated sludge, digested sludge, or even dewatered sludge . Furthermore, microplastic distribution in sludge is not uniform, leading to potential error if representative homogenized or composite samples were not collected.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, concentrations in sludge can vary based on how they were processed: activated sludge, 33 digested sludge, 76 or even dewatered sludge. 81 Furthermore, microplastic distribution in sludge is not uniform, 33 leading to potential error if representative homogenized or composite samples were not collected. Second, pretreatment methods of samples before analysis can influence microplastic concentration.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fragmentation can start from the application of shear force to begin the cracking of the surface of the polymer and can be continued by a variety of oxidative or digestive processes that can break microplastics below the detectable size. , Fragmentation is preferentially controlled by microplastic surface properties but is also dependent on polymer metrics such as temporal resiliency, hydrophobicity, UV absorption rates, elasticity, shape/thickness, and porosity. For instance, the presence of additives such as UV stabilizers, antioxidants, and surface coatings can make microplastics harder to break down by UV radiation. ,, The dry weathering of sludge can also contribute to a steady release of smaller particles. , As the result of fragmentation, smaller microplastic particles can be missed during sampling and processing, which leads to an underestimation of the number of microplastics in the sludge or effluent. To mitigate this, sludge should be sampled before pretreatment to determine microplastic concentration.…”

Section: Potential Reasons For Unaccounted Microplastics In Sludgesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unaccounted Microplastics in Wastewater Sludge: Where Do They Go?

et al. 2021

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Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) could reintroduce microplastics into environments via biosolid application on land. Yet, the annual emission of microplastics via wastewater biosolids is unclear. Analyzing results from 76 studies, we estimate median concentrations of microplastics in influent, effluent, and sludge in various regions in the world and found that only 4% of microplastics removed in WWTPs are detected in the biosolids, and the remaining 96% could be unaccounted for. Unaccounted microplastics are attributed to limitations of current methodologies to isolate and identify small (<10 μm) microplastics in organic-rich sludge, although there is high variability in estimating the concentration in influent and effluent. A meta-analysis of microplastic data reveals that variability is high if a wastewater sample has low volume (<1 L, particularly for effluent), organic debris is not digested or digested without Fenton’s reagent, microplastics are isolated without density separation or using NaCl solution, and microplastics are counted using a microscope without spectroscopic identification. Based on the median concentration of microplastics in influent, effluent, and biosolids, land application of biosolids in the U.S. alone could annually release 785–1080 trillion microplastics, of which only 29–46 trillion are accounted for or detected. Thus, the true concentration of microplastics in biosolids could be significantly underestimated.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Potential Reasons For Unaccounted Microplastics In Sludgesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unaccounted Microplastics in Wastewater Sludge: Where Do They Go?

et al. 2021

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“…Different types of soil and cropping patterns affect the role of MPs in changing pH or microbiota of the soil. Lagooning sludge with green waste was studied by co-composting in three separate batches and the amount of MPs varied with the amount of sludge mixed, this indicates that higher sludge application leads to higher microplastic accretion in soil [16].…”

Section: Plastic Mulching As An Evident Microplastic Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, irregularly shaped MPs perhaps generate extra noise and unexplained spectra. Raman spectroscopy can analyze the MPs which have a size >1 μm, it has high-resolution power and can analyze wet samples efficiently [16,50]. MALDI-TOF MS is another approach that uses charge to mass ratio for ionizing and detecting environmental pollutants including MPs which starts with initial ionization via vaporized matrix followed by TOF and separation based on mass to charge ratio and concluded by MS results [59].…”

Section: Visual Identification and Detection Of Mpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastics accumulation in agricultural soil: Evidence for the presence, potential effects, extraction, and current bioremediation approaches

Yadav¹,

Dhanger²,

Sharma³

2022

J App Biol biotech

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Decades ago, microplastic presence was corroborated in aquatic ecosystem, but revelations from current studies indicate microplastics (MPs) as ubiquitous environmental concern and demonstrate our plasticized life, because of microplastic existent in food, air, water, and soil. Existence of MPs in terrestrial ecosystem is long recognized now and additionally, all the evidence that has been found for microplastic entering the farm soils indicated that they are gradually accumulating in the agricultural soil. While previous studies focused extensively on marine systems, the increasing toxicity of MPs in agricultural cultivated soils and the aspects of MPs being accumulated causing bio-toxification are being looked upon presently. They potentially damage the yield of crop plants making their roots unable to uptake water and nutrients from the soil by accumulating near the roots. MPs have already invaded the terrestrial food chain and they have been detected in excreta of livestock animals along with earthworms and crop plants. MPs are abundant in farm soil that has interacted with sewage-sludge, plastic mulching sheets, organic fertilizers, and vermicompost for a long duration. This review focuses on current evidence of microplastic accumulation in farm soil, thereby enlightening the potential damages to crop plants, soil properties, soil microbes while ultimately reaching humans via the food chain. It also covers the recent advances for soil microplastic extraction, treatment, and possible bioremediation strategies.

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Critical assessment of approach towards estimation of microplastics in environmental matrices

Raj

Maiti

2023

Land Degrad Dev

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Microplastics (MPs) are the contaminants of growing concern due to their persistent properties in the environment. This review compares the global data on MPs concentration in soil, sediment, salt, sand, biosolids, and water. Previous studies have also developed various methods to estimate MPs for different environmental matrices, which were generally based on salt-based density separation, physical (microscopy), chemical characterization (spectroscopy), and visual counting for extraction, identification, and quantification, respectively. In most of the existing field-based studies, MPs are usually identified and detected by microscopic observation and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, which maximize the probability of error in the estimation process. A combination of thermogravimetric analysis-FTIR spectroscopy, Raman microspectroscopy, optical photothermal infrared, and pyrolysis/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry are used for the identification, recognition, and quantification of MPs in the heterogeneous solid and liquid matrices for minimizing the interference and misinterpretation of the other constituents (organic matter) present in the samples, especially soil, sediments, and biosolids.

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Microplastics from lagooning sludge to composts as revealed by fluorescent staining- image analysis, Raman spectroscopy and pyrolysis-GC/MS

Cited by 87 publications

References 39 publications

Unaccounted Microplastics in Wastewater Sludge: Where Do They Go?

Unaccounted Microplastics in Wastewater Sludge: Where Do They Go?

Microplastics accumulation in agricultural soil: Evidence for the presence, potential effects, extraction, and current bioremediation approaches

Critical assessment of approach towards estimation of microplastics in environmental matrices

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