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The immunostimulatory and disease resistance properties of herb Achyranthes aspera L. (Amaranthaceae) were evaluated in rohu Labeo rohita in pond. Rohu fry (1.9 ± 0.08 g) were cultured in hapas (25 hapa −1 ) set inside a pond and were fed with two experimental diets containing 0.5% seeds (D1) and leaves (D2) of A. aspera and control diet (D3). Fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila after 80 days. The cumulative mortality rate of fish was significantly ( P < 0.05) higher in D3 (28–48%) compared to others. Average weight was significantly ( P < 0.05) higher in D1 (6.5–12.5%) compared to other treatments. Myeloperoxidase and nitric oxide synthase levels were significantly ( P < 0.05) higher in D1 and D2 compared to D3. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and carbonyl protein levels were significantly ( P < 0.05) lower in hepatopancreas and kidney of D1 compared to others. In hepatopancreas, the expressions of lysozyme C, loysozyme G, TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-1β were significantly ( P < 0.05) higher in D1 compared to others. This treatment was followed by D2. In kidney, lysozyme G and TNF-α levels were significantly ( P < 0.05) higher in D1 and D2 compared to D3. Whereas, IL-10 and IL-1β were significantly ( P < 0.05) down-regulated and up-regulated, respectively in kidney of D2. There was up-regulation ( P < 0.05) of TLR-4 in hepatopancreas and kidney of D1 and D2 diets fed rohu, respectively compared to others.

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Effect of harmful UV-B radiation and their remedial measures have been studied in Labeo rohita (rohu) larvae. Larvae were fed with four different diets: D1 and D2 contained 0.1 and 0.5 % Achyranthes aspera seeds, respectively; D3 contained 800 mg vitamin C/kg diet, and D4 contained control diet. After 50 days, all groups were exposed to UV-B radiation (80 lW/cm 2 ). One batch of control diet-fed fish was exposed to UV-B (D4Ex), and the other group remained unexposed (D4UEx). Survival rate of rohu was significantly (P \ 0.05) higher in D2 when compared to others. Among the exposed groups, highest average weight was recorded in D2 (103 ± 4 mg). Total tissue protein concentration was higher in exposed groups compared to the unexposed one. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transminase (GPT) levels were minimum in unexposed control diet-fed fish. Vitamin C provided protection against lipid peroxidation which was evident from the lowest level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance in exposed fish (D3). Significantly (P \ 0.05) higher nitric oxide synthase level in fish fed with Achyranthes aspera seeds (0.5 %) supplemented diet showed the immunomodulatory property of the seeds. A combination of vitamin C and seed may be more UV-B protective for carp larvae.