Microporous activated carbon prepared from coconut shells using chemical activation with zinc chloride

Azevedo, Diana C. S.; Araújo, Júlio; Bastos‐Neto, Moises; Torres, A. Eurico B.; Jaguaribe, Emerson Freitas; Cavalcante, Célio L.

doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2006.11.024

Cited by 180 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Therefore, high capacity of methane gas is favourably adsorbed into activated carbon. Similar results were reported by Daud et al [20], and Azevedo et al [21], on the porosity development.…”

Section: Methane Adsorptionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Methane Adsorption Performance of the Palm Kernel Shell-Derived Carbon Material Activated Using Co2-Steam Sequential Combination

Zaini

Syed‐Hassan²

2016

MJAS

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A study was conducted to prepare activated carbon from ZnCl 2 -treated oil palm kernel shell using the sequential combination of carbon dioxide and steam (CO 2 + steam) as activated agent. The development of pores of activated carbon and methane adsorption on the prepared activated carbon were investigated. The results show that the sequential combination of CO 2 and steam was a good combination producing activated carbon with high total pore volume of 1.0 cm 3 /g and BET surface area of 1548.0 m 2 /g. The resultant activated carbon contained microporous and mesoporous structure with a nearly balance volume percentage. The highest methane uptake in this study was 145.89 V/V at 10 bar and ambient temperature.Keywords: activated carbon, palm kernel shell, methane adsorption, porosity development Abstrak Satu kajian telah dijalankan bagi menyediakan karbon teraktif daripada isirong kelapa sawit yang dirawat bersama ZnCl 2 dengan menggunakan agen pengaktifan karbon dioksida dan stim secara berturutan. Dalam kajian ini, pembangunan liang pada karbon teraktif dan penjerapan gas metana telah dikaji. Hasil dari kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa kombinasi secara urutan bagi gas karbon dioksida dan stim merupakan kombinasi agen pengakifan yang baik dan menghasilkan karbon teraktif yang mempunyai jumlah isipadu liang yang tinggi iaitu 1.0 cm 3 /g dan luas kawasan BET sebanyak 1548.0 m 2 /g. Karbon teraktif yang terhasil juga mempunyai kandungan liang mikro dan liang meso yang hampir seimbang. Hasil kajian ini, penjerapan gas metana yang tertinggi adalah 145.89 V/V pada 10 bar dan suhu ambien.Kata kunci : karbon teraktif, isirong kelapa sawit, penjerapan gas metana, pembangunan liang Introduction A sustainable energy supply and environmental protection are the challenges faced by the world presently. Conserving the sustainable energy is vital in order to ensure the security and the consistency of supply and the diversification of the various energy resources. The search for alternative fuel for vehicles has been actively pursued nowadays due to the issue of sustainability, energy and oil market crisis, and the increased awareness of environmental protection

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Section: Methane Adsorptionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Methane Adsorption Performance of the Palm Kernel Shell-Derived Carbon Material Activated Using Co2-Steam Sequential Combination

Zaini

Syed‐Hassan²

2016

MJAS

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“…Phosphoric acid and zinc chloride have been used extensively in chemical activation process for biomassbased precursors, while KOH is utilized for coal-based precursors (Puziy et al 2002). The chemical activation agents first degrade the cellulosic material, and the process of carbonization creates suitable pore structure as a result of dehydration (Azevedo et al 2007). Phosphoric acid is preferred as compared to zinc chloride due to its non-polluting nature and is being widely used in pharmaceutical and food industries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of porous carbon from date palm seeds and process optimization

Reddy

Shoaibi

Srinivasakannan

2014

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The agricultural wastes like date palm seeds to be a suitable precursor for the preparation of porous carbon has been explored in the present work, utilizing phosphoric acid as the activating agent. The experimental methods reported in literature were chosen with certain modification in order to simplify the process. The process optimization was performed using the popular response surface methodology adopting a Box-Behnken design. Process optimization was performed to maximize the porous carbon Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and the methylene blue (MB) adsorption capacity, with the process variables being the activation temperature, impregnation ratio (IR) and the activation time. The textural characteristics were assessed based on nitrogen adsorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy, while the adsorption capacity was estimated using the MB adsorption. The optimized experimental conditions were identified to be an activation temperature of 500°C, IR of 3.1 and activation time of 71.4 min, with the resultant porous carbon having BET surface area of 846.7 m 2 /g and MB adsorption capacity of 445.7 mg/g. The popular Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were tested, and a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of the MB was estimated to be 345 mg/g, which compares with the highest of MB reported in literature, evidencing the suitability of the porous carbon for adsorption of macro-molecular compounds.

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“…However, on a volume basis, highly porous activated carbons show relatively lower natural gas adsorption capacities because of their lower packing densities (Salame and Bandosz 1999;Hartzog and Sircar 1993;Menon and Komarneni 1998;Lerchner et al 2002). Monolithic forms of activated carbons have been employed in the ANG storage system to achieve universal targets (Quinn and MacDonald 1992;Castello et al 2004;Azevedo et al 2007;Paruchner and Rodrigues Reinoso 2007). Such monolithic forms offer an increase in density by reducing the excess void volume (Paruchner and Rodrigues Reinoso 2007), compactness and easy handling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Activated Carbon Honeycomb Monoliths under Different Conditions for the Adsorption of Methane

Giraldo

Moreno–Piraján

2009

Adsorption Science & Technology

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ABSTRACT:Methane adsorption onto different types of carbon monoliths was studied at two temperatures (298.15 K and 303.15 K) and at pressures up to 35 atm in a volumetric adsorption apparatus. The mass basis results for methane adsorption indicated that the methane adsorption capacities of the carbon monoliths increased with increasing surface area, total pore volume and micropore volume. The maximum volumetric methane uptake of the carbon monoliths synthesized was 165 v/v at 298.15 K and 35 atm employing steamactivated monoliths derived from petroleum coal tar. The Clapeyron-Clausius equation was used to describe the interaction between the guest molecules and the adsorbent at low surface coverage and the energetic heterogeneous surface nature of the adsorbent, respectively. The methane storage capacity was found to be a function of the micropore volume and the developed superficial area.

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Microporous activated carbon prepared from coconut shells using chemical activation with zinc chloride

Cited by 180 publications

References 11 publications

Methane Adsorption Performance of the Palm Kernel Shell-Derived Carbon Material Activated Using Co2-Steam Sequential Combination

Methane Adsorption Performance of the Palm Kernel Shell-Derived Carbon Material Activated Using Co2-Steam Sequential Combination

Preparation of porous carbon from date palm seeds and process optimization

Synthesis of Activated Carbon Honeycomb Monoliths under Different Conditions for the Adsorption of Methane

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