MicroRNA-126 protects against vascular injury by promoting homing and maintaining stemness of late outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells

Abstract

Background: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to reendothelialization and neovascularization and protect against vascular injury and ischemia of various organs. We have previously shown downregulation of microRNA (miR)-126 in EPCs from diabetic patients, which contributes to dysfunction of EPCs including impaired migratory ability. The aims of the present study were to examine (1) in vitro the effects of miR-126 on the homing and stemness of late outgrowth EPCs (LOCs), along with relevant signaling pathways, and (2) in vivo the effects of modulating LOCs by manipulating miR-126 expression on LOC homing and reendothelialization of injured arteries in GK rats (a non-obese diabetes model). Methods: Rat bone marrow-derived LOCs were transfected with miR-126 inhibitor or lentiviral vectors expressing miR-126. LOC migration was determined by transwell migration assay. CXCR4 expression was measured by real-time PCR, Western blotting, and confocal microscopy while related signaling pathway proteins were measured by Western Blotting. Stemness gene expression, and gene and protein expression and promoter activity of KLF-8 were also measured. LOCs transfected with lenti-miR-126 or miR-126 inhibitor were injected into GK rats with carotid artery injury, and then vascular reendothelialization and the extent of intimal hyperplasia were examined. Results: Lenti-miR-126 increased while miR-126 inhibitor decreased LOC migration and CXCR4 expression on LOCs. miR-126 positively regulated pERK , VEGF, p-Akt, and eNOS protein expression, and inhibitors of these proteins blocked miR-126-induced CXCR4 expression and also reduced LOC migration. Overexpression of miR-126 promoted while inhibition of miR-126 suppressed stemness gene expression in LOCs. miR-126 also inhibited gene and protein expression and promoter activity of KLF-8 while shRNA-mediated knockdown of KLF-8 increased stemness gene expression. Upregulation of stemness gene expression by miR-126 overexpression was completely abrogated by cotransfection of lenti-KLF-8 and lenti-miR-126 into LOCs. In GK rats, transplantation of LOCs overexpressing miR-126 enhanced LOC homing and reendothelialization and decreased intimal hyperplasia of injured arteries. Conclusion: Our results indicate that miR-126 protects against vascular injury by promoting CXCR4 expression and LOC homing via ERK/VEGF and Akt/eNOS signaling pathways and maintaining stemness via targeting KLF-8.

Empagliflozin Improves the MicroRNA Signature of Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Diabetes

“…We observed decreased circulating levels of the master regulator of endothelial function, miR-126 (Liu and Olson, 2010;Santulli et al, 2014;Pei et al, 2020), in HFpEF patients, corroborating the view that endothelial dysfunction is playing an instrumental role in HFpEF.…”

The effect of endothelial progenitor cell transplantation on neointimal hyperplasia and reendothelialisation after balloon catheter injury in rat carotid arteries

“…CXC chemokine receptor 4 positively increased CXCL12 production and promoted the chemotactic enrichment of EPCs together with CXCL12. MicroRNA-126 enriched in apoptotic VECs during endothelium injury increased the content of CXCL12 and promoted the migration of EPCs to the injured site [47,48]. In this study, from the fourth day after BI, the mean fluorescence intensity of PKH26 decreased significantly.…”

Recent advances in inhibiting atherosclerosis and restenosis: from pathogenic factors, therapeutic molecules to nano-delivery strategies

“…36,37 On the other hand, miR-126 can prevent vascular damage and reduce neointima formation by promoting the homing of EPCs and inhibiting the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. 38,39 In recent years, miR-126 has been widely used in modifying vascular stents to inhibit restenosis via promoting endothelialization. 40,41 Qu et al built a human saphenous vein culture model in vitro and a rat vein grafting model in vivo to evaluate the effect of miR-126-3p on improving the patency of vein graft.…”