MicroRNA‐21 promotes orthodontic tooth movement by modulating the RANKL/OPG balance in T cells

Wu, Limin; Su, Yingying; Lin, Feiran; Zhu, Siying; Wang, Jingyi; Hou, Yanan; Du, Juan; Liu, Yi; Guo, Lijia

doi:10.1111/odi.13239

Cited by 28 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Osteoimmunity is the interaction between osteoclasts or osteoblasts and various immune cells to maintain the balance of bone resorption and bone remodeling ( Figure 1 ). The detection of activated T lymphocytes to express RANKL is the most direct evidence of the interaction between the skeletal system and the immune system ( 6 , 7 ). Besides, overexpression of RANKL in T lymphocytes of RANKL-deficient mice can restore osteoclasts formation in the mice ( 8 ).…”

Section: Osteoimmunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Macrophage-Osteoclast Axis in Osteoimmunity and Osteo-Related Diseases

et al. 2021

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Osteoimmunity is involved in regulating the balance of bone remodeling and resorption, and is essential for maintaining normal bone morphology. The interaction between immune cells and osteoclasts in the bone marrow or joint cavity is the basis of osteoimmunity, in which the macrophage-osteoclast axis plays a vital role. Monocytes or tissue-specific macrophages (macrophages resident in tissues) are an important origin of osteoclasts in inflammatory and immune environment. Although there are many reports on macrophages and osteoclasts, there is still a lack of systematic reviews on the macrophage-osteoclast axis in osteoimmunity. Elucidating the role of the macrophage-osteoclast axis in osteoimmunity is of great significance for the research or treatment of bone damage caused by inflammation and immune diseases. In this article, we introduced in detail the concept of osteoimmunity and the mechanism and regulators of the differentiation of macrophages into osteoclasts. Furthermore, we described the role of the macrophage-osteoclast axis in typical bone damage caused by inflammation and immune diseases. These provide a clear knowledge framework for studying macrophages and osteoclasts in inflammatory and immune environments. And targeting the macrophage-osteoclast axis may be an effective strategy to treat bone damage caused by inflammation and immune diseases.

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Section: Osteoimmunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Macrophage-Osteoclast Axis in Osteoimmunity and Osteo-Related Diseases

et al. 2021

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“…Eight-week-old ICR mice were anaesthetized with chloral hydrate (40 mg/kg). Nickel titanium tension springs (Tomy, Japan) were used to provide 30 g force to the left maxillary first molar, and the other end was fixed on the incisor using a resin ball (3M, USA) [17,18]. mBMMSCs were injected into the tail vein on day 0, and orthodontic force was applied on the same day.…”

Section: Otm Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteoclastic effects of mBMMSCs under compressive pressure during orthodontic tooth movement

et al. 2021

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Background During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), alveolar bone remodelling is closely related to mechanical force. It is unclear whether stem cells can affect osteoclastogenesis to promote OTM. This study aimed to investigate the role of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMMSCs) under compression load in OTM. Methods A mouse OTM model was established, and GFP-labelled mBMMSCs and normal saline were injected into different groups of mice by tail vein injection. OTM distance was measured using tissue specimens and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The locations of mBMMSCs were traced using GFP immunohistochemistry. Haematoxylin-eosin staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphate (TRAP) staining and immunohistochemistry of Runx2 and lipoprotein lipase were used to assess changes in the periodontal ligament during OTM. mBMMSCs under compression were co-cultured with mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (mBMMs), and the gene expression levels of Rankl, Mmp-9, TRAP, Ctsk, Alp, Runx2, Ocn and Osterix were determined by RT-PCR. Results Ten days after mBMMSCs were injected into the tail vein of mice, the OTM distance increased from 176 (normal saline) to 298.4 μm, as determined by tissue specimen observation, and 174.2 to 302.6 μm, as determined by micro-CT metrological analysis. GFP-labelled mBMMSCs were mostly located on the compressed side of the periodontal ligament. Compared to the saline group, the number of osteoclasts in the alveolar bone increased significantly (P < 0.01) on the compressed side in the mBMMSC group. Three days after mBMMSC injection, the number of Runx2-GFP double-positive cells on the tension side was significantly higher than that on the compression side. After applying compressive force on the mBMMSCs in vitro for 2 days, RANKL expression was significantly higher than in the non-compression cells, but expression of Alp, Runx2, Ocn and Osterix was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The numbers of osteoclasts differentiated in response to mBMMs co-cultured with mBMMSCs under pressure load and expression of osteoclast differentiation marker genes (Mmp-9, TRAP and Ctsk) were significantly higher than those in mBMMs stimulated by M-CSF alone (P < 0.05). Conclusions mBMMSCs are not only recruited to the compressed side of the periodontal ligament but can also promote osteoclastogenesis by expressing Rankl, improving the efficiency of OTM.

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“…Inhibition of miR-21 expression restored the RANKL/OPG balance and significantly impaired the resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts ( Pitari et al, 2015 ). In the miR-21 knockout mice orthodontic TM model, miR-21 was revealed to enhance osteoclast differentiation by inducing RANKL secretion from activated T cells, which in turn regulated the RANKL/OPG balance and partially relieved the decreased orthodontic TM distance in miR-21 knockout mice ( Wu et al, 2020 ). A study by Li et al yielded different findings.…”

Section: Mir-21 Regulates Osteoclastic Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA-21: An Emerging Player in Bone Diseases

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) are small endogenous non-coding RNAs that bind to the 3′-untranslated region of target genes and promote their degradation or inhibit translation, thereby regulating gene expression. MiRNAs are ubiquitous in biology and are involved in many biological processes, playing an important role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. MiRNA-21 (miR-21) is one of them. In recent years, miR-21 has received a lot of attention from researchers as an emerging player in orthopedic diseases. MiR-21 is closely associated with the occurrence, development, treatment, and prevention of orthopedic diseases through a variety of mechanisms. This review summarizes its effects on osteoblasts, osteoclasts and their relationship with osteoporosis, fracture, osteoarthritis (OA), osteonecrosis, providing a new way of thinking for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of these bone diseases.

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MicroRNA‐21 promotes orthodontic tooth movement by modulating the RANKL/OPG balance in T cells

Cited by 28 publications

References 47 publications

The Macrophage-Osteoclast Axis in Osteoimmunity and Osteo-Related Diseases

The Macrophage-Osteoclast Axis in Osteoimmunity and Osteo-Related Diseases

Osteoclastic effects of mBMMSCs under compressive pressure during orthodontic tooth movement

MicroRNA-21: An Emerging Player in Bone Diseases

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