Vertigo is a leading symptom of various peripheral and central vestibular disorders. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple risk variants for vertigo, how these risk variants contribute to the risk of vertigo remains unknown. Discovery proteome-wide association study (PWAS) was first performed by integrating the protein quantitative trait loci from dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in Banner Sun Health Research Institute dataset (N = 152) and GWAS summary of vertigo (N = 942,613), followed by replication PWAS using the protein quantitative trait loci from the DLPFC in Religious Orders Study or the Rush Memory and Aging Project dataset (N = 376). Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWASs) were then performed by integrating the same GWAS datasets of vertigo (N = 942,613) with mRNA expression reference from human fetal brain, and DLPFC. Chemical-related gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and Gene ontology/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were finally conducted to further reveal the pathogenesis of vertigo. Permutation-based empirical P values were calculated in PWAS, TWAS and GSEA. By integrating the GWAS of vertigo and two independent brain proteomes from human DLPFC, 3 genes were identified to genetically regulate protein abundance levels in vertigo, and were not previously implicated by GWAS, including MTERFD2 (PBanner = 0.045, PROSMAP = 0.031), MGST1 (PBanner = 0.014, PROSMAP = 0.018), and RAB3B (PBanner = 0.045, PROSMAP = 0.035). Compared with TWAS results, we identified overlapping genes RAB3B (PTWAS = 0.017) and MTERFD2 (PTWAS = 0.003) that showed significant associations with vertigo at both proteome-wide and transcriptome-wide levels. Chemical-related GSEA identified multiple chemicals that might be associated with vertigo, such as nickel (P = 0.007), glycidamide (P = 0.005), and proanthocyanidins (P = 0.015). Our study provides novel clues for understanding the biological mechanism of vertigo, and highlights several possible risks and therapeutic chemicals for vertigo.