MicroRNAs as the critical regulators of Doxorubicin resistance in breast tumor cells

Abstract

Background Chemotherapy is one of the most common treatment options for breast cancer (BC) patients. However, about half of the BC patients are chemotherapeutic resistant. Doxorubicin (DOX) is considered as one of the first line drugs in the treatment of BC patients whose function is negatively affected by multi drug resistance. Due to the severe side effects of DOX, it is very important to diagnose the DOX resistant BC patients. Therefore, assessment of molecular mechanisms involved in DOX resistance can improve the clinical outcomes in BC patients by introducing the novel therapeutic and diagnostic molecular markers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as members of the non-coding RNAs family have pivotal roles in various cellular processes including cell proliferation and apoptosis. Therefore, aberrant miRNAs functions and expressions can be associated with tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Moreover, due to miRNAs stability in body fluids, they can be considered as non-invasive diagnostic markers for the DOX response in BC patients. Main body In the present review, we have summarized all of the miRNAs that have been reported to be associated with DOX resistance in BC for the first time in the world. Conclusions Since, DOX has severe side effects; it is required to distinguish the non DOX-responders from responders to improve the clinical outcomes of BC patients. This review highlights the miRNAs as pivotal regulators of DOX resistance in breast tumor cells. Moreover, the present review paves the way of introducing a non-invasive panel of prediction markers for DOX response among BC patients.

Reorganization of 3D chromatin architecture in doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cells

“…Despite an increasing number of molecular mechanisms underlying doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer have been reported ( Huang et al, 2018 ; Stefanski et al, 2019 ; Mirzaei et al, 2021 ; Zangouei et al, 2021 ), it remains a major obstacle to improving the clinical benefit of cancer patients. Previous studies have shown that chromatin interactions in breast cancer cells differ from normal mammary epithelial cells ( Barutcu et al, 2015 ) and estrogen-receptor binding is involved in three-dimensional (3D) genome reorganization in endocrine-resistant breast cancer ( Zhou et al, 2019 ; Achinger-Kawecka et al, 2020 ).…”

BC-miR: Monitoring Breast Cancer-Related miRNA Profile in Blood Sera—A Prosperous Approach for Tumor Detection

“…miRNAs are valuable candidates for establishing the diagnosis, monitoring the progression, and predicting the possible outcomes of the disease [ 50 ]. Moreover, they can even overcome drug resistance, indicating that they have the potential to get targeted during inhibitor targeted therapy, which may increase the therapeutic efficacy [ 51 ]. In our study, we revealed 7 significant individual miRNAs, and 5 of them are supposed to play a potential diagnostic role in breast cancer detection.…”

Cell cycle related long non-coding RNAs as the critical regulators of breast cancer progression and metastasis

“…Breast cancer (BCa) accounts for almost 31% of all malignancies diagnosed in women, and ranks as the most frequent and second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in females [ 1 , 2 ]. An estimated 2,261,419 newly diagnosed BCa patients and 684,996 deaths were globally recorded in 2020 [ 3 ].…”