MicroRNAs in Coronary Heart Disease: Ready to Enter the Clinical Arena?

Frati, Giacomo

doi:10.1155/2016/2150763

Cited by 41 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Several avenues for research are worth exploring. For instance, translational studies on the precise cellular mechanisms involved in EVC toxicity are needed, exploring for instance microRNA, inflammatory cascade, autophagy, apoptosis, and regeneration [36][37][38]. Observational studies on large samples are needed to accurately gauge the short and long-term risks of EVC in apparently healthy subjects and in patients with cardiovascular disease [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaping Cardiovascular Health Risks: an Updated Umbrella Review

Peruzzi

Biondi‐Zoccai

Carnevale

et al. 2020

Curr Emerg Hosp Med Rep

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Purpose of Review Modified risk products (MRP) such as electronic vaping cigarettes (EVC) and heat-not-burn cigarettes (HNBC) are alternatives to traditional combustion cigarettes (TCC) with an expanding consumer base. Yet, their cardiovascular health risks are still unclear. We aimed to summarize the evidence base on this topic by conducting an updated umbrella review. Recent Findings We identified 7 systematic reviews, totaling 183 studies and reports, ranging from in vitro and in animal studies to clinical studies in apparently healthy volunteers and patients at risk of cardiovascular disease. Overall, acute EVC use was associated with several toxic effects at molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and system level. In addition, EVC impacted adversely on blood pressure (BP) management, caused tachycardia, and worsened arterial stiffness. Finally, EVC use was associated with an increased risk of adverse clinical events, including atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction, even if the causal link is still debated. Most reviews highlighted that the detrimental impact of EVC was of lesser magnitude of that of TCC. In addition, the differential impact of liquids and nicotine was not clearly disentangled. Finally, no review included studies on HNBC. Summary The present umbrella review suggests that EVC, and likely HNBC, despite clearly causing an increase in overall cardiovascular risk, may represent a temporary lesser evil than TCC in a risk-reduction or risk-modification strategy, aiming for eventual abstinence from all tobacco or nicotine products. Keywords Cardiovascular disease. Electronic cigarette. Electronic vaping cigarette. Heat-not-burn cigarette. Smoking Giving up smoking is the easiest thing in the world. I know because I've done it thousands of times.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaping Cardiovascular Health Risks: an Updated Umbrella Review

Peruzzi

Biondi‐Zoccai

Carnevale

et al. 2020

Curr Emerg Hosp Med Rep

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“…Fifty-four healthy participants of similar age group, who were attendants of the patients and were clinically unsuspected as they had no signs or symptoms of CAD, were enrolled in this study as control subjects. Based on earlier literature available on similar types of studies [14,16,17,20,22,25,26], we arrived at a decision of having an appropriate study size of about 70-80 each of cases and control. Now in order to get about 70 proven CAD cases, approximately 100 angiography cases had to be included.…”

Section: Study Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies impart information establishing miRNAs as key regulators of cardiovascular diseases [14,15]. Interestingly, few reports have proposed the diagnostic potential of miRNAs in cardiac complications such as MI [16] and heart failure [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulatory miR-133b and miR-21 as Novel Biomarkers in Early Prediction and Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease

Kumar

Narang

Sreenivas

et al. 2020

Genes

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While coronary artery disease (CAD) has become a major threat worldwide, the timely biomarker-based early diagnosis of CAD remains a major unmet clinical challenge. We aimed towards assessing the level of circulatory microRNAs as candidates of novel biomarkers in patients with CAD. A total of 147 subjects were recruited which includes 78 subjects with angiographically proven CAD, 15 pre-atherosclerotic normal coronary artery (NCA) subjects and 54 healthy individuals. Quantitative real-time PCR assays were performed. MiR-133b was downregulated by 4.6 fold (p < 0.0001) whereas miR-21 was upregulated by ~2 fold (p < 0.0001) in plasma samples of CAD patients. Importantly, both the miRNAs showed association with disease severity as miR-133b was downregulated by 8.45 fold in acute coronary syndrome (ACS), 3.38 fold in Stable angina (SA) and 2.08 fold in NCA. MiR-21 was upregulated by 2.46 fold in ACS, 1.90 fold in SA and 1.12 fold in NCA. Moreover, miR-133b could significantly differentiate subjects with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) from Non-STEMI. Area under the curve (AUC) for miR-133b was 0.80 with >75.6% sensitivity and specificity, AUC for miR-21 was 0.79 with >69.4% sensitivity and specificity. Our results suggest that miR-133b and miR-21 could be possible candidates of novel biomarkers in early prediction of CAD.

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“…In fact, ncRNA dysregulations are associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases [ 198 , 199 ]. Circulating miRNAs such as miR-126, miR-17, miR-145, and miR-222 are currently considered indicators of cardiovascular risk [ 200 ], as their levels in body fluids or plasma reflect the evolution of cardiovascular disorders, including myocardial infarction, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, stroke, and acute pulmonary embolism [ 201 , 202 ]. Some miRNAs could also possess prognostic value.…”

Section: Antioxidant Approach By Natural Agents: the Road To Detecmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Environmental Factors in Influencing Epigenetics Related to Oxidative States in the Cardiovascular System

Angelini

Pagano

Bordin

et al. 2017

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Oxidative states exert a significant influence on a wide range of biological and molecular processes and functions. When their balance is shifted towards enhanced amounts of free radicals, pathological phenomena can occur, as the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tissue microenvironment or in the systemic circulation can be detrimental. Epidemic chronic diseases of western societies, such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes correlate with the imbalance of redox homeostasis. Current advances in our understanding of epigenetics have revealed a parallel scenario showing the influence of oxidative stress as a major regulator of epigenetic gene regulation via modification of DNA methylation, histones, and microRNAs. This has provided both the biological link and a potential molecular explanation between oxidative stress and cardiovascular/metabolic phenomena. Accordingly, in this review, we will provide current insights on the physiological and pathological impact of changes in oxidative states on cardiovascular disorders, by specifically focusing on the influence of epigenetic regulation. A special emphasis will highlight the effect on epigenetic regulation of human's current life habits, external and environmental factors, including food intake, tobacco, air pollution, and antioxidant-based approaches. Additionally, the strategy to quantify oxidative states in humans in order to determine which biological marker could best match a subject's profile will be discussed.

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MicroRNAs in Coronary Heart Disease: Ready to Enter the Clinical Arena?

Cited by 41 publications

References 66 publications

Vaping Cardiovascular Health Risks: an Updated Umbrella Review

Vaping Cardiovascular Health Risks: an Updated Umbrella Review

Circulatory miR-133b and miR-21 as Novel Biomarkers in Early Prediction and Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease

The Impact of Environmental Factors in Influencing Epigenetics Related to Oxidative States in the Cardiovascular System

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