MicroRNAs involved in innate immunity regulation in the sea cucumber: A review

Effect of sea cucumber peptides on the immune response and gut microbiota composition in ovalbumin-induced allergic mice

“…20 Meanwhile, sea cucumber also showed many biological activities, such as anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimicrobial, immunoregulatory, anti-hypertension and so forth. [21][22][23] It has been reported that protein ( polypeptides) is the main component of sea cucumber (about 90%, polypeptides per dried body wall of sea cucumber). 20 However the immunoregulatory activity of protein ( polypeptides) and its potential mechanisms are still unclear.…”

MiR-7 Regulates Pathogen-Induced Immune Response via PAK1 in the Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

“…Moreover, we confirmed that miR-7 negatively regulates AjPAK1 gene expression through transcriptional attenuation. This observation was not only consistent with the conserved mechanism of miRNA regulation but was also similar to the results of current gene regulation studies in sea cucumbers, for example, miR-133 and IRAK-1 ( interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 ), miR-2008 and BHMT ( Betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase ), miR-137 and BHMT , miR-137 and 14-3-3ζ ( 14-3-3 intracellular phosphoserine/threonine-binding proteins ), miR-92a and 14-3-3ζ , miR-2012-5p and RhoA ( Ras homolog A ), miR-10a-5p and ACADL ( Long-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase ) ( 3 , 16 , 19 , 22 ).…”

“…MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to the class of small endogenous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) ubiquitously expressed in metazoan organisms ( 1 ). Typically, miRNAs can directly pair with the 3’untranslated regions (3’UTR) of target genes to degrade target gene mRNA or inhibit translation of the target gene, thereby achieving posttranscriptional regulation of target gene expression ( 2 , 3 ). It has been well documented that miRNAs play critical roles in many biological processes such as ontogenesis ( 4 ), sexual differentiation and maturation ( 5 , 6 ), tumorigenesis ( 7 ), and immune defense ( 3 , 8 ).…”