Microscale determination of inorganic nitrogen in water and soil extracts

Sims, Gerald K.; Ellsworth, T. R.; Mulvaney, R. L.

doi:10.1080/00103629509369298

Cited by 475 publications

(297 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…We extracted NH + 4 , NO − 3 and PO 3− 4 from the membranes by shaking them in 50 mL of 2 M KCl for 1 h at 200 rpm in an orbital shaker. These extracts were used to calculate the amount of NH 4 -N and NO 3 -N by colorimetry (indophenol blue method) using a microplate reader (Sims et al, 1995). PO 4 -P concentration in the extract was determined by the molybdene blue method (Allen et al, 1986), and absorbance was measured with a microplate reader (D' Angelo et al, 2001).…”

Section: Field Sampling and Lab Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Un incendie modifie la configuration spatiale de la disponibilité des éléments nutritifs dans les sols de forêts de Pinus canariensis

et al. 2009

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Keywords:forest wildfire / ionic exchange membrane / SADIE / soil nutrient availability / spatial heterogeneity Abstract • Soil resources are heterogeneously distributed in terrestrial plant communities. This heterogeneity is important because it determines the availability of local soil resources. A forest fire may change the spatial distribution of soil nutrients, affecting nutrition and survival of colonizing plants. However, specific information on the effects of ecosystem disturbance on the spatial distribution of soil resources is scarce.• We hypothesized that, on a short-term basis, wildfire would change the spatial patterns of soil N and P availability. To test this hypothesis, we selected two Pinus canariensis forests burned in 2005 and 2000, respectively, and a third forest that was unburned since at least 1990 (unburned). We incubated ionic exchange membranes (IEMs) in replicated plots to estimate soil N and P availability and characterized the spatial pattern using SADIE (Spatial Analysis by Distance Indices).• Mineral N, NO 3 -N and PO 4 -P availability, and aggregation and cluster indices for all nutrients were higher in the 2005 wildfire plots than in the 2000 wildfire and unburned plots.• Our results suggest that surviving plants or new individuals becoming established in a burned area would find higher soil resources, but also higher small-scale heterogeneity in nutrients, which may have a major impact on the performance of individual plants and on the forest structure and dynamics.Mots-clés : feu de forêt / membrane d'échange ionique / SADIE / disponibilité des éléments nutritifs du sol / hétérogénéité spatiale Résumé -Un incendie modifie la configuration spatiale de la disponibilité des éléments nutritifs dans les sols de forêts de Pinus canariensis.• Les ressources du sol sont distribuées de manière hétérogène dans les communautés végétales terrestres. Cette hétérogénéité est importante car elle détermine la disponibilité locale des ressources du sol. Un feu de forêt peut changer la répartition spatiale des éléments nutritifs du sol, affectant la nutrition et la survie des plantes colonisatrices. Cependant, des informations précises sur les effets des perturbations des écosystèmes sur la répartition spatiale des ressources du sol sont rares.• Nous avons émis l'hypothèse qu'à court terme, un feu de forêt pourrait modifier les modèles de répartition spatiale de disponibilité de N et P dans le sol. Pour tester cette hypothèse, nous avons sélectionné deux forêts de Pinus canariensis qui ont brûlé respectivement en 2005 et 2000, et une troisième forêt qui n'a brûlé depuis au moins 1990 (non brûlée). Nous avons incubé des membranes échangeuses d'ions (IEMs) dans plusieurs parcelles pour estimer la disponibilité du sol en N et P et nous avons caractérisé le modèle spatial en utilisant SADIE (Analyse spatiale en fonction d'indices de distance).• N-minéral, N-NO 3 , disponibilité en PO 4 -P, agrégation et indices de cluster ont été plus élevés dans les parcelles incendiées en 2005 que dans celles ince...

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Section: Field Sampling and Lab Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Un incendie modifie la configuration spatiale de la disponibilité des éléments nutritifs dans les sols de forêts de Pinus canariensis

et al. 2009

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“…Ammonium (NH4) concentrations were determined by the method of Sims et al which uses a modified indophenol blue technique [22]. The method was adapted for the BioteK PowerWave system.…”

Section: Soil Chemical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial degradation of gasoline in soil: Effect of season of sampling

Turner

Pichtel

Rodenas

et al. 2015

Forensic Science International

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In cases where fire debris contains soil, microorganisms can rapidly and irreversibly alter the chemical composition of any ignitable liquid residue that may be present. In this study, differences in microbial degradation due to the season in which the sample is collected was examined. Soil samples were collected from the same site during Fall, Winter, Spring and Summer and the degradation of gasoline was monitored over 30 days. Predominant viable bacterial populations enumerated using real-time PCR and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) enumeration revealed the predominant viable bacterial genera to be Alcaligenes, Bacillus, and Flavobacterium. Overall, the compounds most vulnerable to microbial degradation are the n-alkanes, followed by the mono-substituted alkylbenzenes (e.g., toluene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene and isopropylbenzene). Benzaldehyde (a degradation product of toluene) was also identified as a marker for the extent of biodegradation.Ultimately, it was determined that soil collected during an unusually hot and dry summer exhibited the least degradation with little to no change in gasoline for up to 4 days, readily detectable n-alkanes for up to 7 days and relatively high levels of resilient compounds such as

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“…Nitrate was reduced to ammonium by using the Devarda alloy procedure. Then, the amount of N present in the extracts was calculated by using the blue indophenol colorimetric method (Sims et al, 1995). Microbial biomass N (MB-N) was determined using the fumigation-extraction method following Brookes et al (1982).…”

Section: Laboratory Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term decrease of organic and inorganic nitrogen concentrations due to pine forest wildfire

et al. 2010

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Keywords: dissolved organic nitrogen / labile nitrogen / microbial biomass / mineral nitrogen / Pinus canariensis / fire Abstract • Growing concerns about fires and the increase of fire frequency and severity due to climate change have stimulated a large number of scientific papers about fire ecology. Most researchers have focused on the short-term effects of fire, and the knowledge about the long-term consequences of fires on ecosystem nutrient dynamics is still scarce.• Our aim was to improve the existing knowledge about the long-term effects of wildfires on forestlabile N concentrations. We hypothesized that fires may cause an initial decline in organic and inorganic N availability, and in the amount of microbial biomass-N; this should be followed by the recovery of pre-fire N concentrations on a long-term basis. We selected a fire chronosequence in Pinus canariensis forests on La Palma Island (Canary Islands, Spain). These forests are under low anthropogenic atmospheric deposition, and forest management is completely lacking; wildfires are therefore the only significant disturbance. Soil samples were collected during the winter and spring at 22 burned and unburned plots.• Fire produced a significant decrease in microbial biomass N, mineral N and dissolved organic N. Almost 20 y after fire, pre-fire levels of N concentrations had not recovered.• These results demonstrate that P. canariensis forest soils have a lower resilience against fire than expected. The magnitude of these observed changes suggests that pine forest wildfires may induce long-term (2 decades) changes in soil and in plant primary production. Mots-clés :azote organique dissous / azote labile / biomasse microbienne / azote minéral / Pinus canariensis / incendie Résumé -Décroissance à long terme des concentrations d'azote organique et inorganique, attribuable au feu dans une forêt de pins.• Les préoccupations grandissantes au sujet des incendies, de l'augmentation de leur fréquence et de leur gravité attribuable aux changements climatiques ont stimulé la production d'un grand nombre d'articles scientifiques sur l'écologie des incendies. La plupart des chercheurs ont mis l'accent sur les effets à court terme de l'incendie, et les connaissances sur les conséquences à long terme des incendies sur la dynamique des éléments nutritifs de l'écosystème sont encore rares.• Notre objectif est d'améliorer les connaissances actuelles sur les effets à long terme des incendies sur les concentrations labiles d'azote en forêt. Nous avons émis l'hypothèse que les incendies peuvent provoquer une baisse initiale de l'azote organique et de la disponibilité de l'azote inorganique, et de la quantité de biomasse microbienne azotée, ce qui devrait être suivie par la récupération des concentrations d'azote d'avant le feu sur une base de long terme. Nous avons sélectionné une chronoséquence d'incendies dans des forêts de Pinus canariensis sur l'île de La Palma (îles Canaries, Espagne). Ces forêts sont situées sous de faibles dépôts atmosphériques d'origine anthropique, ...

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Microscale determination of inorganic nitrogen in water and soil extracts

Cited by 475 publications

References 4 publications

Un incendie modifie la configuration spatiale de la disponibilité des éléments nutritifs dans les sols de forêts de Pinus canariensis

Un incendie modifie la configuration spatiale de la disponibilité des éléments nutritifs dans les sols de forêts de Pinus canariensis

Microbial degradation of gasoline in soil: Effect of season of sampling

Long-term decrease of organic and inorganic nitrogen concentrations due to pine forest wildfire

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