Microscopic Examination of Gallbladder Stones Improves Rate of Detection of Clonorchis sinensis Infection

Abstract

bTo improve the rate of detection of Clonorchis sinensis infection, we compared different specimens from patients with cholecystolithiasis. Feces, gallbladder bile, and gallbladder stones collected from 179 consecutive patients with cholecystolithiasis underwent microscopic examination, and according to the results, 30 egg-positive and 30 egg-negative fecal, gallbladder bile, and gallbladder stone specimens, respectively, underwent real-time fluorescent PCR. The detection rates of eggs in feces, bile, and gallbladder stones were 30.7%, 44.7%, and 69.8%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01). The PCR results confirmed that the eggs in the specimens were C. sinensis eggs. Eggs in the feces were "fresh" and in the gallbladder stones were "old." Microscopic examination of gallbladder stones may improve the detection rates of C. sinensis infection, which is important for developing individualized treatments to prevent the recurrence of gallbladder stones and to prevent the occurrence of severe liver damage and cholangiocarcinoma.

A systematic study on 33 gallbladder stones resembling adult Clonorchis sinensis worms

“…Analysis of the chemical components of gallstones contributes extremely great value to analyzing disease progression. They were traditionally divided into cholesterol and pigment (bilirubin) stones (Schafmayer et al, 2006;Cariati, 2015); however, our previous research overturned this view, as we found that gallbladder stones could be classified into eight types and more than ten subtypes, including cholesterol stones, pigment stones, CaCO 3 stones, phosphate stones, calcium stearate stones, protein stones, cystine stones and mixed stones (Qiao et al, 2013b). Further research implied that different types of stones may expose a distinct formation mechanism (Qiao et al, 2013a(Qiao et al, , 2014Ma et al, 2017).…”

“…Tissue analysis studies showed that samples with parasite tissue are derived from early calcification of dead worms, providing strong evidence that calcification and packaging occurred after C. sinensis adults entered the gallbladder, which led to the formation of CaCO 3 or bilirubinate–CaCO 3 mixed gallbladder stones. On the other hand, those without parasite tissue may result from calcification of C. sinensis eggs or dead worms during long-term formation, while the parasite tissues may be dehydrated and further calcified and degraded due to nutritional deficiency in the stone (Qiao et al , 2013c).…”

Clonorchiasis sinensis detected by laparoscopic exploration of biliary tracts in two patients with obstructive jaundice

“…Some incidental diagnosis is suspected due to discovery of ova on routine stool examination. Although our patients had the history of eating inadequate cooked freshwater fish, the negative results of stool examination for eggs in the present study might resulted from the low rates of egg detection in the feces [15], and determination of C. sinensis DNA in feces by real-time fluorescent PCR [16] or serological test for C. sinensis - specific antibodies will increase the sensitivity and hence contributes to the diagnosis [17, 18] .…”

Opisthorchiasis: Diagnostics, Clinical Manifestations, and Management

“…При сравнении эффективности методик выявлено, что реже всего яйца трематод обнаруживались в кале (30,7%,), чаще -в желчи (44,7%), а больше всего -в конкрементах желчного пузыря (69,8%) (р < 0,01 для отличий от первого и второго случаев) [22]. Для исследования на яйца трематод более информативными являются порции «В» и «С».…”