Microscopical studies on the hemocytes of bivalves and their phagocytic interaction with selected bacteria

Rodrick, Gary E.; Ulrich, S. A.

doi:10.1007/bf01989301

Cited by 31 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The absence of phenoloxidase was also reported for Scapharca inaequivalvis (Holden et al 1994), whereas this enzyme was present in the (1984( -1997( ) e Venezia (1990( -1997 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…They are produced in the granulocytes and released into phagosomes (Cheng & Cali 1974, Cheng & Rodrick 1975, Cheng 1983, Yoshino 1988, Pipe 1990, Pipe et al 1995, Cajaraville et al 1996, Carballal et al 1997c. Lysosomal hydrolases are compartmentalized within electron-dense specific granules (Yoshino & Cheng 1976, Rodrick & Ulrich 1984, Pipe 1990. Degranulation has been associated with the release of lysosomal enzymes into serum during active phagocytosis (Cheng 1981, Mohandas et al 1985, Cheng & Dougherty 1989.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological and cytoenzymatic characterization of haemocytes of the venus clam Chamelea gallina

Pampanin

Marin²,

Ballarin³

2002

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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A morphological and enzymatic characterization of Chamelea gallina haemocytes was carried out as a prerequisite for further studies on venus clam immunobiology. Two main types of circulating haemocytes were identified (1) hyalinocytes (79.2%), agranular cells with a central nucleus surrounded by a little cytoplasm, and (2) granulocytes (16.5%), smaller granular cells with smaller nuclei. Small cells with a strongly basophilic nucleus and a thin layer of peripheral cytoplasm, probably undifferentiated blast cells (4.3%), were also observed. Both granulocytes and hyalinocytes can assume a spreading or round morphology. The enzymatic activities of haemocytes were also investigated. Some of the granulocytes and hyalinocytes were positive for hydrolytic enzymes, suggesting a role for these cells in phagocytosis; no oxidative enzymes were detected in C. gallina haemocytes. Granulocytes and hyalinocytes can easily adhere to the substratum and exhibit a low phagocytosis activity towards foreign particles (6.3%), whereas the fraction of cells containing ingested material significantly increased after pre-incubation of test particles with cell-free haemolymph, which suggests the presence of opsonin(s) in the haemolymph. KEY WORDS: Haemocytes · Chamelea gallina · Cytoenzymology · Phagocytosis Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 49: [227][228][229][230][231][232][233][234] 2002 (Cheney 1971, Foley & Cheng 1974, Moore & Eble 1977, Huffman & Tripp 1982. Since no data are available concerning Chamelea gallina haemocytes and their role in immunity, we carried out a morpho-functional characterization of C. gallina haemocytes as a prerequisite for further studies on the immunobiology of the venus clam in order to define a series of immuno-biomarkers to be used in the evaluation of stress conditions for this species.Our results indicate the presence of 2 main haemocyte types, namely granulocytes and hyalinocytes, both exhibiting lysosomal enzymes and phagocytosis activity. MATERIALS AND METHODSClams (shell length 20 to 30 mm) were collected with a hydraulic dredge at Venice Lido, on the west coast of the Northern Adriatic Sea, in front of the Venice lagoon. They were kept in the laboratory for 2 to 3 d before experiments in 70 l tanks filled with aerated seawater that was renewed every other day (salinity 35 ± 1 ‰; temperature 17 ± 1°C) and fed with microalgae (Isochrysis galbana and Phaeodactylum tricornutum).Heamolymph collection. Haemolymph was collected from the anterior adductor muscle of clams with a syringe containing 10 mM of L-cysteine in filtered seawater (FSW), pH 7.5, to a final dilution of 1:1 haemolymph/L-cysteine. Haemolymph was also collected in the absence of L-cysteine and centrifuged at 780 × g for 10 min to pellet cells and obtain cell-free haemolymph (CFH).Haemocyte cultures. Haemolymph was centrifuged at 780 × g for 10 min and the pellet was resuspended in FSW to achieve a final concentration of 10 6 cells ml -1 . Sixty µl of haemocyte susp...

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“…The absence of phenoloxidase was also reported for Scapharca inaequivalvis (Holden et al 1994), whereas this enzyme was present in the (1984( -1997( ) e Venezia (1990( -1997 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and cytoenzymatic characterization of haemocytes of the venus clam Chamelea gallina

Pampanin

Marin²,

Ballarin³

2002

Dis. Aquat. Org.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The haemocytes of molluscs are generally classi¢ed into hyalinocytes and granulocytes (Cheng & Foley 1975;Rodrick & Ulrich 1984;Rasmussen et al 1985;Seiler & Morse 1988;Suresh & Mohandas 1990a). Granulocytes are further classi¢ed into granulocytes and semigranulocytes (Foley & Cheng 1972;Moore & Lowe 1977;Rasmussen et al1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of haemocytes of the Indian edible oyster, Crassostrea madrasensis (Preston)

et al. 2006

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The haemocytes of the Indian edible oyster Crassostrea madrasensis were characterized using light and electron microscopy. The light microscopic study was conducted by staining a monolayer of the haemocytes with Geimsa. Cells without granules and with a large nucleus occupying much of the cytoplasmic area were grouped as hyalinocytes. Those with lesser amounts of basophilic cytoplasmic granules were characterized as semigranulocytes and those with large amounts of a mixture of acidophilic and basophilic granules were termed as granulocytes. Ultrastructural studies also revealed the presence of three types of haemocytes. Scanning electron microscopic studies were used to study the spreading behaviour of the haemocytes. Cytochemical studies revealed the presence of acidphosphatase, peroxidase and prophenol oxidase in the cells.

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“…Differences in the defense systems of adult scallops and other bivalves are likely to exist. For example, the granular hemocytes which play a role in the defense system (Cheng 1981, Rodrick & Ulrich 1984 of oysters and mussels are not present in the hemolymph of scallops (Auffret 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative susceptibility of veliger larvae of four bivalve mollusks to a Vibrio alginolyticus strain

Luna‐González¹,

Maeda‐Martínez²,

Sáinz³

et al. 2002

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The susceptibility of 7 d old veliger larvae of the scallops Argopecten ventricosus and Nodipecten subnodosus, the penshell Atrina maura, and the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas to a pathogenic strain of Vibrio alginolyticus was investigated by challenging the larvae with different bacterial concentrations in a semi-static assay. The results indicate that the larvae of the 2 scallop species are more susceptible to the V. alginolyticus strain than those of the oyster and the penshell. Signs of the disease were similar to bacillary necrosis described in previous work. Interspecies differences in susceptibility to pathogens are discussed.KEY WORDS: Vibrio alginolyticus · Pathogenicity · Vibriosis · Mollusks · Scallops · Pacific oyster · Penshell Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 49: [221][222][223][224][225][226] 2002 metabolites) of the immune system in adult Mytilus edulis are also present in the trochophore and veliger larvae of this species (see review of Dyrynda et al. 1995). Recently, Mitta et al. (2000) found that synthesis of the antimicrobial peptide mytilina occurs during metamorphosis of larvae of Mytilus galloprovincialis, and the antimicrobial peptide defensin is detected when metamorphosis is finished.In the present paper, veliger larvae of 4 bivalves, comprising 2 scallops (Argopecten ventricosus and Nodipecten subnodosus), a penshell (Atrina maura) and the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) were challenged with different concentrations of Vibrio alginolyticus selected from several strains of the same and other species (V. tubiashii, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. campbelli) tested in 24 h bioassays on veliger larvae of A. ventricosus. V. alginolyticus was isolated during bacterial screening in a shrimp hatchery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bacteriology.A Vibrio alginolyticus strain named APSA2 was isolated from a hatchery of white shrimp (Farfantepenaeus vannamei) postlarvae, in La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico, during bacterial screening. The isolate was identified as V. alginolyticus by Dr. John McInroy at Auburn University, Alabama, USA. The strain was kept in Luria-Bertani medium (LBM) containing 3% NaCl and stored at 4°C until needed. For the susceptibility assays, liquid bacterial cultures were prepared in trypticase soy broth (TSB) (Difco). To find the optimum salinity for bacterial growth, a preliminary assay was run by inoculating the strain into TSB media containing 0.5, 2.0, 5.0, and 10.0% NaCl. Cultures were incubated at 28°C, and growth was estimated by reading absorbance of the cultures in a Spectronic Genesys 2 spectrophotometer at 580 nm, and at 0, 2, 4, 8, 10, and 24 h from inoculation. With these results (Fig. 1), bacterial cultures were subsequently prepared in 2% NaCl TSB.Bivalve larvae. Adult Argopecten ventricosus, Nodipecten subnodosus, Atrina maura, and Crassostrea gigas, were brought to the hatchery at Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste, La Paz, and were conditioned for spawning...

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Microscopical studies on the hemocytes of bivalves and their phagocytic interaction with selected bacteria

Cited by 31 publications

References 26 publications

Morphological and cytoenzymatic characterization of haemocytes of the venus clam Chamelea gallina

Morphological and cytoenzymatic characterization of haemocytes of the venus clam Chamelea gallina

Characterization of haemocytes of the Indian edible oyster, Crassostrea madrasensis (Preston)

Comparative susceptibility of veliger larvae of four bivalve mollusks to a Vibrio alginolyticus strain

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