Microspore Developmental Stage and Anther Length Influence the Induction of Tomato Anther Callus

Abstract

<jats:p>Anthers of L-680A', `Licato', and `Ailsa Craig' tomato <jats:italic>(Lycopersicon esculentum</jats:italic> Mill.) were plated on Doy's basal medium 1 to determine whether microspore developmental stage and anther length influence anther callus production. Although calli were induced at all stages of anther development, anthers containing prophase I-stage microspores produced the highest frequency of calli. Fewer calli were produced as microspores approached the uninucleate and binucleate pollen stage. Callus diameter also decreased as anther development progressed. Significantly larger calli were produced from prophase I than later-stage anthers. Time of anther harvest (morning vs. afternoon) did not significantly affect callus number or diameter. Anther and flower bud length both were significantly correlated with anther developmental stage, the number of anthers producing calli, and mean calli diameter. In each case, anther length exhibited a significantly better correlation than bud length.</jats:p>

Microsporogenesis and pollen formation in cassava

“…Relationship between bud size and microspore development: In this study, there is a good relationship between the stages of anther development and floral bud length as reported in other crops (Kasperbauer et al 1979, Summers et al 1992, Custodio et al 2005 and with the mean length of the two largest petals in rapeseed (Tomasi et al 1999). In soybean, the microspores of different cultivars can be at different developmental stages for a given bud-size group (Lauxen et al 2003).…”

Use of morphometric parameters for tracking ovule and microspore evolution in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L., cv. “Aragonez”) and evaluation of their potential to improve in vitro somatic embryogenesis efficiency from gametophyte tissues

“…Buds with an average length of 1.55 cm should contain anthers enclosing uninucleate microspores, reported in Vitis as the most responsive to somatic embryogenesis stimulus (Rajasekaran and Mullins 1979;Hirabayashi and Akihama 1982;Mauro et al 1986;Salunkhe et al 1999). This correlation between the anther developmental stage and the flower bud size was also reported for other species such as tobacco (Kasperbauer and Wilson 1979), tomato (Summers et al 1992), Brazilian soybean (Lauxen et al 2003), and apricot (Peixe et al 2004). In species such as Vitis latifolia L. (Salunkhe et al 1999), Bixa orellana L. (Michelangeli et al 2002), and Lycopersicon esculentum (Summers et al 1992), positive correlations between microspore developmental stages and anther length were also reported.…”

Haploidy in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.): a critical review

“…Some workers reported callus induction from anthers with microspores at early meiotic stages, however, the ploidy level of the regenerants suggests that somatic anther tissue may have been induced to produce this callus and that the resulting regenerants were not of microspore origin (Gresshoff and Doy 1972;Zamir et al 1980;Summers et al 1992). Alternatively, the uninucleate stage was found to be suitable in other studies reporting the production of haploid clones, symmetrical nuclei division and globular embryos (Sharp et al 1972;Yinnan et al 1999;Bal and Abak 2005).…”

“…Chlyah and Taarji (1984) tested a modified approach to the method introduced by Gresshoff and Doy (1972) and pointed out that the genotype effect was very important and that their modified technique was satisfactory. Ionescu et al (1989) obtained callus of microspore origin following the culture of anthers containing microspores at metaphase I. Summers and co-workers also worked on various factors affecting anther culture such as gelling agents, dark-light treatments and microspore developmental stages Summers 1990, 1991;Summers et al 1992). Paksoy and Abak (1994) cultured anthers to determine the effects of cold pretreatment and appropriate levels of kinetin in the media.…”

“…DBM was later used by Chlyah and Taarji (1984) in the determination of suitable pH levels for the media, the effect of cold pretreatment and the time of transfer directly from the GD1 to GD5. Also, Summers and co-workers used these media for the same purpose Summers 1990, 1991;Summers et al 1992). In contrast, Zamir et al (1980) used a basic MS medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) with 1-2% sucrose and 0.8% agar.…”