IntroductionFor mobile communication systems, small size and low profile antennas are necessary. Planar printed antennas such as slot antenna and microstrip antenna are attractive for their use in mobile and wireless communication systems due to their low profile compact size [1], [2]. However, because of the electro-magnetic interference, radiation of omni directional antenna such as the slot antenna is remarkably deteriorated if the metal block of RFIC (radio frequency integrated circuit) or body of a car approaches to the back of the antenna. Patch antenna is one of the solutions to overcome these problems [3]. However, radiation efficiency and bandwidth of a patch antenna decreases rapidly as the thickness of the substrate decreases, and also one-sided directional patch antenna has large ground plane. Therefore, miniaturized antennas on thinner substrate are necessary for future 3-dimension packaging techniques in integrating with RF-chips. In our previous works, we presented the design theory of the one-sided directional electrically small antenna (ESA) composed of an impedance matching circuit, a half wavelength (λ/2) top metal and a bottom floating metal layer for IMS (@2.4GHz) application [4].In this paper, we design the one-sided directional slot antenna with quarter wavelength (λ/4) top metal layer, which is connected on the bottom metal layer, for 2.4GHz-band application. By using the two resonances appeared from the slot and λ/4 top metal, we can realize the one-sided directional radiation. We designed and simulated the proposed antenna by using the commercial electro-magnetic (EM) field simulator. This antenna is fabricated on FR4 printed circuit board and also carried out experiments on this antenna. Fig. 1 shows the layout of the one-sided directional slot antenna with floating bottom metal layer, which is proposed previously [4]. Cross sectional view of the substrate is also shown, namely, conductor-baked configuration. The simulated electric field distribution of top and bottom floating metal layer are also shown, respectively in Fig. 2(a). The top layer resonates, on the other hand the bottom layer doesn't resonate. So this floating metal on the bottom side can suppress the radiation of the backward radiation. Fig. 2(b) shows the simulated radiation 978-1-4244-4968-2/10/$25.00 ©2010 IEEE pattern of the one-sided directional antenna. The directivity for forward direction is 10dB larger than that of backward direction.
Design of One-Sided Directional Slot AntennaAs shown in Fig. 2(a), both edges of the top metal layer have open ends, on the other hand, the center of the top metal layer has a short region. So, we can realize λ/4 resonance by cutting off the half of the top metal and connecting the bottom metal layer. For size reduction, we can adopt the design theory the electrically small antenna (ESA), namely the length of the antenna is smaller than λ/4 [4]. Fig. 3 shows the equivalent circuit model for the ESA with impedance matching circuit. In this figure, Z a (=G a +jB a ) denotes the input ...