Microstructural and mechanical responses of various aluminum alloys to ballistic impacts by armor piercing projectile

Jung, Jeki; Cho, Yi Je; Kim, Su-Hyeon; Lee, Yun‐Soo; Kim, Hee-Ju; Lim, Cha-Yong; Park, Taesung

doi:10.1016/j.matchar.2019.110033

Cited by 41 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The ASBs connected to cracks provide an easy crack propagation path, which accelerates the failure process of the hot-rolled titanium alloy. This phenomenon has also been reported in the studies of other titanium alloys [ 28 , 29 ], steel [ 30 , 31 ], and aluminum alloy [ 32 , 33 , 34 ] and under the condition of high strain rate.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

The Microstructural Difference and Its Influence on the Ballistic Impact Behavior of a Near β-Type Ti5.1Al2.5Cr0.5Fe4.5Mo1.1Sn1.8Zr2.9Zn Titanium Alloy

et al. 2020

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In this work, a near β-type Ti5.1Al2.5Cr0.5Fe4.5Mo1.1Sn1.8Zr2.9Zn alloy was hot-rolled at the temperature of 800–880 °C with a thickness reduction of 87.5% and then heat-treated with the strategy of 880 °C/1 h/air cooling (AC) + 650 °C/3 h/AC. The microstructure difference between the hot-rolled and heat-treated titanium alloys and its influence on the ballistic impact behavior of the hot-rolled and heat-treated titanium alloys were analyzed. The microstructural investigation revealed that the average size of the acicular secondary α phase (αs) dropped from 75 to 42 nm, and the corresponding amount of this phase increased significantly after heat treatment. In addition, the dislocation density of the α and β phases decreased from 0.3340 × 1015/m2 and 4.6746 × 1015/m2 for the hot-rolled titanium alloy plate to 0.2806 × 1015/m2 and 1.8050 × 1015/m2 for the heat-treated one, respectively. The high strength of the heat-treated titanium alloy was maintained, owing to the positive contribution of the acicular secondary α phase. Furthermore, the critical fracture strain increased sharply from 19.9% for the hot-rolled titanium alloy plate to 23.1% for the heat-treated one, thereby overcoming (to some extent) the constraint of the strength–ductility trade-off. This is mainly attributed to the fact that the dislocation density and the difference between the dislocation densities of the α and β phases decreased substantially, and deformation localization was effectively suppressed after heat treatment. Damage to the hot-rolled and heat-treated titanium alloy plates after the penetration of a 7.62 mm ordinary steel core projectile at a distance of 100 m was assessed via industrial computer tomography and microstructure observation. The results revealed that a large crack (volume: 2.55 mm3) occurred on the rear face and propagated toward the interior of the hot-rolled titanium alloy plate. The crack tip was connected to a long adiabatic shear band with a depth of 3 mm along the thickness direction. However, good integrity of the heat-treated titanium alloy plate was maintained, owing to its excellent deformation capability. Ultimately, the failure mechanism of the hot-rolled and heat-treated titanium alloy plates was revealed by determining the crack-forming reasons in these materials.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

The Microstructural Difference and Its Influence on the Ballistic Impact Behavior of a Near β-Type Ti5.1Al2.5Cr0.5Fe4.5Mo1.1Sn1.8Zr2.9Zn Titanium Alloy

et al. 2020

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“…Ballistic test trails were made on various thicknesses of plates against a 7.62 �51 mm deformable lead core projectile with an impact velocity of 850 � 20 m/s. Targets in various thick (12,16,18, and 20 mm) T651 and (12, 16 and 22 mm) ST conditions were completely perforated, and the projectile exited the plate at the back end. Complete perforated 16 mm thick T651 and ST condition plates are shown in Figure 12.…”

Section: Experimental Ballistic Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several researchers have conducted experimental, theoretical, and numerical studies on the ballistic response of aluminium 7xxx grades to high impact velocity projectiles. 7–14 , 18–23 Mishra et al. 7 studied the ballistic performance of various heat treated AA7055 plates against high velocity projectile impact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical and experimental investigations on the effect of target thickness and solution treatment on the ballistic behaviour of AA7075 thick plates

Praveen

Rao

Damodaram

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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The influence of target thickness and solution treatment on the ballistic behaviour of AA7075 targets has been investigated by both numerical and experimental methods. In numerical simulation, the target thickness was varied from 19 to 26 mm and an Ogive nose shaped projectile of 7.62 mm diameter with inlet velocities ranging between 800–875 m/s was considered. In order to justify the numerical observations, high velocity ballistic experiments were conducted on AA7075-T651 and the solution treated plates of various thicknesses (12, 16, 18, 20, 22 and 25 mm). For this experimental study, a deformable form projectile with dimensions of 7.62 × 51 mm and an inlet velocity of 850 ± 20 m/s was used. Microstructures of ballistic test samples were analysed using an optical microscope. Numerical analysis using ABAQUS predicted the minimum thickness required to resist complete penetration to be 20 mm in the case of AA7075 plates in the T651 condition, while experimental results showed it to be 21 mm. In the case of AA7075 solution treated plates, numerical simulation analysis predicted the minimum required plate thickness to resist complete penetration to be 24 mm, while the experimental results showed it to be 23 mm. Post ballistic microstructure analysis revealed that there was no change in the microstructure in the AA7075-T651 condition plates. Solution treated plates showed deformation of grains nearer to the impact region with the formation of adiabatic shear bands. In the case of the T651 plate, the mode of fracture was brittle, resulting in splinters, whereas it was petalling in the case of the solution-treated plates. The numerically predicted depth of penetration on both targets was reasonably close to experimental results with an average of 4% error.

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“…The major penetrator is the hard-steel core, which shows two completely different characteristics when penetrating metal targets and ceramic composite armors. When penetrating metal targets, such as aluminum alloy (Børvik et al, 2010;Demir et al, 2008;Holmen et al, 2013), titanium alloy (Jung et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2015;Sukumar et al, 2013) and steel (Demir et al, 2008;Holmen et al, 2017), the hard-steel core has no deformation and erosion. Even when it breaks due to asymmetric stress, the core head remains intact (Ali et al, 2017;Chocron, 2001;Kılıç et al, 2014), making it possible to equate the projectile core as a rigid body when studying these problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of impact velocity on the dynamic fragmentation of rigid-brittle projectiles and ceramic composite armors

Wang

Zhong

et al. 2021

Lat. Am. j. solids struct.

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The silicon carbide (SiC)/metal composite armors with the composite cover on the front of the SiC plate were impacted by 12.7mm armor piercing incendiary (API) projectiles at velocities from 412.6m/s to 802.2m/s. The resulting projectile core and ceramic fragments were collected and then screened through a range of standard sieving screens. The mass distributions of fragments produced by projectile and ceramic impacting each other were obtained. The failure mechanism of the rigid-brittle core of 12.7mm API projectile after impacting SiC/metal composite armor was studied by examination of the failed core. The results show that the cumulative mass of core and ceramic fragments follow the Schuhmann distribution law. With the increase of impact velocity, the mass proportion of small core fragments increases, while for ceramic fragments, the mass proportion of fragments in different fractions does not change. The failure mechanism of the large equivalent diameter fragment ( >8mm) is tensile brittle fracture mainly. In contrast, the local plastic shear fracture exists on the fragments with an equivalent diameter of less than 2mm.

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Microstructural and mechanical responses of various aluminum alloys to ballistic impacts by armor piercing projectile

Cited by 41 publications

References 61 publications

The Microstructural Difference and Its Influence on the Ballistic Impact Behavior of a Near β-Type Ti5.1Al2.5Cr0.5Fe4.5Mo1.1Sn1.8Zr2.9Zn Titanium Alloy

The Microstructural Difference and Its Influence on the Ballistic Impact Behavior of a Near β-Type Ti5.1Al2.5Cr0.5Fe4.5Mo1.1Sn1.8Zr2.9Zn Titanium Alloy

Numerical and experimental investigations on the effect of target thickness and solution treatment on the ballistic behaviour of AA7075 thick plates

Effects of impact velocity on the dynamic fragmentation of rigid-brittle projectiles and ceramic composite armors

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