Microstructural Changes During Short-Term Heat Treatment of Martensitic Stainless Steel—Simulation and Experimental Verification

Schmidtseifer, N.; Weber, Sebastian

doi:10.1007/s11661-021-06280-y

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…For each sample, the martensite start temperature ( M S ) was estimated from the dilatation curves by applying the tangent method used in ref. [26] In this method, a tangent is applied to the graph, which represents the change in dilation during cooling. The temperature at which the curve deviates from the tangent for the first time was identified as M S .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Ausforming on the Micro‐ and Nanostructure of PH 13‐8 Mo Maraging Steels

Rosenauer,

Krammer,

Stadler

et al. 2024

steel research int.

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Herein, the potential of using the thermomechanical treatment ausforming to optimize the microstructure of PH 13‐8 Mo maraging steels is investigated. Of particular interest are the effects on the formation of β‐NiAl precipitates and reverted austenite during subsequent aging. Ausforming experiments at deformation temperatures of 400 and 600 °C and strains of 40% and 70% are conducted using a deformation dilatometer. Afterward, the samples are subjected to aging at temperatures varying from 482 to 593 °C. This is followed by a thorough microstructural characterization ranging from light optical microscopy to X‐Ray diffraction and atom probe tomography. The results demonstrate that ausforming effectively refines the microstructure, resulting in a significant increase in hardness. Moreover, it is revealed that the ausforming parameters have a noticeable influence on the number density of β‐NiAl precipitates and the amount of reverted austenite. A well‐balanced microstructure containing relatively fine precipitates and a high amount of reverted austenite can be achieved by ausforming at 600 °C with 40% strain. Overall, the results prove a promising potential of ausforming for PH 13‐8 Mo maraging steels with regard to tailoring optimized microstructures, which could ultimately benefit the aerospace industry where these alloys are used.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Ausforming on the Micro‐ and Nanostructure of PH 13‐8 Mo Maraging Steels

Rosenauer,

Krammer,

Stadler

et al. 2024

steel research int.

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“…The description of steps and driving forces for the α or α formation from parent γ demonstrates the depth of understanding [11][12][13][14][15]. The martensite start (M s ) temperature is quite similar for different variants of this steel, the main influence being the forcibly dissolved carbon content in the matrix [16][17][18]. However, a combination of phase transformations increases complexity and leads to rather less well-reported cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

An In Situ Synchrotron Dilatometry and Atomistic Study of Martensite and Carbide Formation during Partitioning and Tempering

et al. 2021

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Precipitation hardened and tempered martensitic-ferritic steels (TMFSs) are used in many areas of our daily lives as tools, components in power generation industries, or in the oil and gas (O&G) industry for creep and corrosion resistance. In addition to the metallurgical and forging processes, the unique properties of the materials in service are determined by the quality heat treatment (HT). By performing a quenching and partitioning HT during an in situ high energy synchrotron radiation experiment in a dilatometer, the evolution of retained austenite, martensite laths, dislocations, and carbides was characterized in detail. Atomic-scale studies on a specimen with the same HT subjected to a laser scanning confocal microscope show how dislocations facilitate cloud formation around carbides. These clouds have a discrete build-up, and thermodynamic calculations and density functional theory explain their stability.

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“…Short-term tempering of martensite has been suggested as a viable approach to achieve an optimal balance between corrosion resistance and obtaining the desired mechanical properties of martensitic carbon steels 1 . Validation of computer simulation results revealed the potential for optimizing short tempering heat treatment processes for steel as a reliable approach to save time, resources and energy 2 . Short time tempering, at high temperature also claims to decrease the temper embrittlement, resulting in mechanical properties not obtained by conventional tempering 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Short Times Tempering for AISI D2 Cold Work Tool Steel

Conci,

Centeno,

Goldenstein

et al. 2023

Mat. Res.

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Short time tempering has been applied to steels to improve toughness keeping the hardness at the same level. For AISI D2 tool steel, typical thermal cycles are quench and temper. The austenitizing temperature is around 1040 ºC and the subsequent double tempering at temperatures close to 500 ºC, for 2 hours each, in order to get the maximum secondary hardness. The aim of the present work is to verify the effects of short time tempering in the AISI D2. For such purpose the Hollomon-Jaffe tempering parameter was used to determine the equivalent time at 600 and 700 °C, being 500 °C for 2 hours the standard temperature and time. The thermal cycles were carried out at a dilatometer. All the specimens were austenitized at 1040 °C followed by double tempering at: 500 and 700 °C for 2 hours each; and 500 °C, 600 °C, and 700 °C for 10 s and 1 min each. The dilatometric curves were analysed. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Vickers hardness were carried out to characterize the microstructure and mechanical properties. The short time tempering conducted at high temperatures led to the formation and growth of tempering carbides and to matrix recrystallization, which were responsible for greatly reducing the hardness of the material. The short time tempering up to the intermediate temperature of 600 ºC, for 1 minute or 10 seconds, produced results like the conventional tempering in microstructural and hardness terms, denoting that the Hollomon-Jaffe tempering parameter predictability close to the secondary hardness peak.

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Microstructural Changes During Short-Term Heat Treatment of Martensitic Stainless Steel—Simulation and Experimental Verification

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Influence of Ausforming on the Micro‐ and Nanostructure of PH 13‐8 Mo Maraging Steels

Influence of Ausforming on the Micro‐ and Nanostructure of PH 13‐8 Mo Maraging Steels

An In Situ Synchrotron Dilatometry and Atomistic Study of Martensite and Carbide Formation during Partitioning and Tempering

Study of Short Times Tempering for AISI D2 Cold Work Tool Steel

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