Microstructural characterization, strengthening and toughening mechanisms of a quenched and tempered steel: Effect of heat treatment parameters

Jiang, Bo; Wu, Min; Zhang, Mai; Zhao, Fan; Zhao, Zhong; Liu, Yazheng

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2017.09.062

Cited by 69 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The mean width of lath is about 0.5 µm, as measured by using the linear intercept method on an SEM micrograph. Moreover, a large number of fine, short, rod-like, and spherical carbides are uniformly distributed at lath boundaries as well as within laths, which is consistent with the reported results for the tempered Cr-Ni-Mo steels in a range of 300 to 650 • C [18,21,38]. During tempering, the matrix was depleted in solute carbon, i.e., the ratio c/a of the body-centered tetragonal (bct) martensitic structure decreased and the martensite transformed gradually to a bct or body-centered cubic (bcc) ferrite, which is largely determined by the chemical compositions of steel.…”

Section: Microstructural Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of Microstructure on Hydrogen Permeation in EA4T and 30CrNiMoV12 Railway Axle Steels

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2019

Metals

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A comparative study was conducted to reveal the effect of microstructure on hydrogen permeation in the EA4T and 30CrNiMoV12 railway axle steels. Unlike the EA4T with its sorbite structure, 30CrNiMoV12 steel shows a typical tempered martensitic structure, in which a large number of fine, short, rod-like, and spherical carbides are uniformly dispersed at boundaries and inside laths. More importantly, this structure possesses plentifully strong hydrogen traps, such as nanosized Cr7C3, Mo2C, VC, and V4C3, thus resulting in a high density of trapping sites (N = 1.17 × 1022 cm−3). The hydrogen permeation experiments further demonstrated that, compared to EA4T, the 30CrNiMoV12 steel not only delivered minimally effective hydrogen diffusivity but also had a high hydrogen concentration. The activation energy for hydrogen diffusion of the 30CrNiMoV12 steel was greatly increased from 23.27 ± 1.94 of EA4T to 47.82 ± 2.14 kJ mol−1.

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Section: Microstructural Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of Microstructure on Hydrogen Permeation in EA4T and 30CrNiMoV12 Railway Axle Steels

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2019

Metals

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“…Various investigations have been carried out to study the effect of tempering temperature on the mechanical properties of different steel grades [30,31]. In general, the tensile strength is deteriorated with the increasing tempering temperature due to the recovery of martensitic laths and the coarsening carbides, which is in accordance with the results in current work.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 86%

Effects of Q&T parameters on phase transformation, microstructure, precipitation and mechanical properties in a PS-30Cr2Nb pipeline steel

Guan

Yuan

Xiong

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

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The heat treatments with different quenching and tempering temperatures were conducted to clarify the effects of Q&T (quenching and tempering) parameters on phase transformation, microstructure, precipitation, mechanical properties in a PS-30Cr2Nb pipeline steel. Results indicate that the optimum property of tensile strength of 892 MPa and elongation of 19.17% was obtained at a low quenching (950°C) and low tempering temperature (570°C). Finer prior austenite grains and carbides contributed to the higher strength. Besides, the content of coarsening carbides increased with tempering temperature and quenching temperature. The increased content of coarsening carbides is responsible for the deteriorative comprehensive performance. In addition, Fe 3 C particle was gradually substituted by the alloy carbides with the proceeding of tempering by the dynamic assignment of elements.

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“…Bhadeshia mentioned that a considerable amount of deformation occurred around the cementite, which has been shown to adversely affect the RCF life in accelerated tests . Only high density carbide particles may effectively prevent crack propagation . As a resultant of plastic deformation, the microvoids are formed in the interface between the cementite and the matrix, and they then develop to the secondary crack.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…38 Only high density carbide particles may effectively prevent crack propagation. 39 As a resultant of plastic deformation, the microvoids are formed in the interface between the cementite and the matrix, and they then develop to the secondary crack. The propagation direction of principal and secondary cracks has a relationship with the shear stress.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical analysis on rolling contact fatigue in railroad axle bearing steel

Guo

Yang

et al. 2018

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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High‐strength steels are widely used in high‐performance bearings utilized in most mechanical systems. However, there has been little statistical analysis regarding the fatigue failure behaviour of the material, where surface peeling resulted from contact fatigue during rolling is a significant life‐limiting mechanism. In this study, we examine the statistical behaviour of surface‐crack nucleation, propagation, and peeling in a high‐speed train axle bearing made of GCr15 steel by using a laboratory rolling‐contact equipment. We reveal that cyclic rolling‐contact leads to the formation of a hardness gradient in the outer ring of the bearing. The gradient layer is of several millimetres. The peeling rate could be as high as 28 μm per million cycles when the contact pressure is close to that applied in real service. Peeling‐induced cracking is dominantly transgranular. The incipient angle is about 23.2°, and its depth could be hundreds of micrometres. The findings reported here could be employed to assess the lifetime of bearings made of GCr15 steel and possible other engineering metals.

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Microstructural characterization, strengthening and toughening mechanisms of a quenched and tempered steel: Effect of heat treatment parameters

Cited by 69 publications

References 20 publications

Effect of Microstructure on Hydrogen Permeation in EA4T and 30CrNiMoV12 Railway Axle Steels

Effect of Microstructure on Hydrogen Permeation in EA4T and 30CrNiMoV12 Railway Axle Steels

Effects of Q&T parameters on phase transformation, microstructure, precipitation and mechanical properties in a PS-30Cr2Nb pipeline steel

Statistical analysis on rolling contact fatigue in railroad axle bearing steel

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