Microstructural Evaluation of Clayey Ceramic Incorporated with Sludge from Paper Manufacturing

Abstract

This work has for objective to evaluate the microstructure of clayey ceramic incorporated with a waste in the form of sludge generated during treatment of effluent of a paper making industry. The microstructure of ceramics incorporated with 0 and 10 wt.% of waste, and then fired at 600°C, was evaluated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the waste changes the microstructure of the clayey ceramic increasing the porosity, as well as forming new crystalline phases, mainly with calcium compounds.

Influence of Calcination and Comminution of Drinking Water Treatment Sludge on the Properties of Ceramics

“…The anorthite found in C1 was also resistant to temperature changes. Minerals such as kaolinite and muscovite, found in C2 and S, decomposed with increasing temperature and reduced density, resulting in porosity in ceramic bodies [42,45,47]. The combination of quartz and kaolinite was responsible for the low interaction between the grains in the mixtures because both have little affinity for water [27].…”

Effect of adding alum sludge from water treatment plant on sewage sludge dewatering

“…Large quantities of alum sludge are produced, which may cause serious environmental problems if it's not appropriate disposed [24,25]. Alum sludge contains a lot of residual aluminium hydroxide and inorganic granular matters [26]. Adding alum sludge to improve the sewage sludge dewaterability was proposed because residual aluminium hydroxide acts as chemical conditioner and inorganic granular matters act as physical conditioners [27][28][29].…”

Study of the Incorporation of Biomass Bottom Ashes in Ceramic Materials for the Manufacture of Bricks and Evaluation of Their Leachates

“…Different authors have studied the incorporation of waste in the brick-manufacturing ceramic industry. The wastes incorporated were chamotte [12][13][14][15], ashes [16][17][18][19][20], sludge from ornamental stone cutting [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28], construction and demolition waste materials [29], water-treatment-plant sludge [30][31][32][33], glass waste [34,35], mold flux waste [36][37][38], steel sludge [39][40][41], etc. In these different works, the characteristics of the waste were first studied in order to evaluate the maximum acceptable level of the waste in the final material.…”