Microstructural evolution of tungsten oxide thin films

Characterization of Tungsten Oxide Thin Films Produced by Spark Ablation for NO2 Gas Sensing

“…XPS measurements further below). Coexistence of crystal structures for tungsten oxides have been reported earlier in the literature. − …”

Photoelectrochemical study of MoO 3 assorted morphology films formed by thermal evaporation

“…The formation of different morphological nanostructures is influenced by the synthesis factors such as source and substrate temperature and carrier gas in vapor solid process. The substrate temperature plays a vital role in controlling the nucleation and growth of MoO 3 nanostructures [34][35][36] and it determines how much vapors condensed to form nanostructures. The substrate temperature is varied by changing the position of the substrates from the source in the tubular furnace.…”

The Influences of Annealing Temperature on the Crystal Phase and Microstructure of the WO₃ Thin Film

“…K.P.S.S. Hermbram [17] synthesized WO 3 thin films on the quartz substrates through sputtering method, and the films treated above 400 °C still contain monocline (4) High frequency region (600-900 cm -1 and > 900 cm -1 )： The presence of the peaks at 718 cm -1 and 803 cm -1 is due to the W-O-W stretching mode, and the tow typical peaks are belong to the fundamental bands of the triclinic structure (273, 327, 715, 807 cm -1 ) [18]. In the last region, the existing bands are due to the quartz substrate.…”