Microstructure and gas-surface interaction studies of a 3D carbon/carbon composite in atmospheric entry plasma

Levet, Cyril; Helber, Bernd; Couzi, Jacques; Mathiaud, Julien; Gouriet, Jean‐Baptiste; Chazot, Olivier; Vignoles, Gérard L.

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2016.11.054

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…One important aspect of oxidation relates to the evolution of the carbon surface topology, the phenomenon generically called "pitting". [25][26][27][28] Past experimental studies have found that in certain conditions, oxidation does not occur uniformly but takes the form of pits or crater-like cavities, randomly scattered across the otherwise smooth carbon surface. [29][30][31][32][33] These pits initiate at atomic vacancies, defects, or basal plane carbon atoms, 33,34 eventually reaching the scale of the diameter of the fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale oxidation behavior of carbon fibers revealed with in situ gas cell STEM

Cochell¹,

Unocic²,

Graña-Otero³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Thermal protection systems (TPS) are used to protect spacecraft payloads during the extreme conditions of atmospheric entry. The backbone of the composite TPS material used in the NASA Stardust Sample Return Capsule and the Mars 2020 mission is carbon fiber, which oxidizes at these temperatures and atmospheric conditions. This study presents the direct observation of carbon oxidation using in situ Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM). A thin section of a commercially-available carbon fiber material containing multiple carbon structures was examined by STEM in a closed-environmental cell in which temperature was raised from 25 to 1050àC under a steady flow of air. Results show that the random polycrystalline carbon structure oxidized more uniformly and rapidly than the single crystallite region, which oxidized more anisotropically. These findings are the first to directly observe the structural dependence of carbon oxidation rates at these length-scales while also giving important insight into the onset of pitting at various active surface sites, important pieces in fundamentally understanding of carbon oxidation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale oxidation behavior of carbon fibers revealed with in situ gas cell STEM

Cochell¹,

Unocic²,

Graña-Otero³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…10 It is widely agreed that the combination of 3D printing and CF is able to produce complex structure and high-performance products with high efficiency. 11,12 Hence, the integration can be regarded as the powerful driving force for the development of 3D printing and CF applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molding process and properties of continuous carbon fiber three-dimensional printing

Zhang

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2019

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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Currently, carbon fiber composite has been applied in the field of three-dimensional printing to produce the highperformance parts with complex geometric features. This technique comprise both the advantages of three-dimensional printing and the material, which are light weight, high strength, integrated molding, and without mold, and the limitation of model complexity. In order to improve the performance of three-dimensional printing process using carbon fiber composite, in this article, a novel molding process of three-dimensional printing for continuous carbon fiber composites is developed, including the construction of printing material, the design of printer nozzle, and the modification of printing process. A suitable structure of nozzle on the printer is adjusted for the continuous carbon fiber composites. For the sake of ensuring the continuity of composited material during the processing, a cutting algorithm for jumping point is proposed to improve the printing path during process. On this basis, the experiment of continuous carbon fiber composite is performed and the mechanical properties of the printed test samples are analyzed. The results show that the tensile strength and bending strength of the sample printed by polylactic acid-continuous carbon fiber composites increased by 204.7% and 116.3%, respectively compared with pure polylactic acid materials, and those of the sample printed by nylon-continuous carbon fiber composites increased by 301.1% and 17.4% compared with pure nylon materials, and those of test sample by nylon-continuous carbon fiber composites under the heated and pressurized treatment increased by 383.6% and 233.2% compared with pure nylon material.

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“…Baxter et al [8] studied the effect of chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) on the corrosion and thermal conduction of porous C/C composite, and found that both radiative heat transfer and the heat transfer path in pores played important roles in the parallel path thermal conduction. The ablation behavior of C/C composite was also studied by other researchers [9,10]. As for high-thermal-conductive C/C composite, carbon fiber (CF) is not only the reinforcement of the composite, but also the carrier of heat [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ablation Behavior of the SiC-Coated Three-Dimensional Highly Thermal Conductive Mesophase-Pitch-Based Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Carbon Matrix Composite under Plasma Flame

Huang

et al. 2019

Materials

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This study is focused on a novel high-thermal-conductive C/C composite used in heat-redistribution thermal protection systems. The 3D mesophase pitch-based carbon fiber (CFMP) preform was prepared using CFMP in the X (Y) direction and polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber (CFPAN) in the Z direction. After the preform was densified by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) and polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP), the 3D high-thermal-conductive C/C (CMP/C) composite was obtained. The prepared CMP/C composite has higher thermal conduction in the X and Y directions. After an ablation test, the CFPAN becomes needle-shaped, while the CFMP shows a wedge shape. The fiber/matrix and matrix/matrix interfaces are preferentially oxidized and damaged during ablation. After being coated by SiC coating, the thermal conductivity plays a significant role in decreasing the hot-side temperature and protecting the SiC coating from erosion by flame. The SiC-coated CMP/C composite has better ablation resistance than the SiC-coated CPAN/C composite. The mass ablation rate of the sample is 0.19 mg·(cm−2·s−1), and the linear ablation rate is 0.52 μm·s−1.

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Microstructure and gas-surface interaction studies of a 3D carbon/carbon composite in atmospheric entry plasma

Cited by 33 publications

References 25 publications

Nanoscale oxidation behavior of carbon fibers revealed with in situ gas cell STEM

Nanoscale oxidation behavior of carbon fibers revealed with in situ gas cell STEM

Molding process and properties of continuous carbon fiber three-dimensional printing

Ablation Behavior of the SiC-Coated Three-Dimensional Highly Thermal Conductive Mesophase-Pitch-Based Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Carbon Matrix Composite under Plasma Flame

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