Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Gd Alloys as Biodegradable Implant Materials

Lu, Yiyi; Huang, Yuanding; Feyerabend, Frank; Willumeit‐Römer, Regine; Kainer, Karl Ulrich; Hort, Norbert

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-72526-0_23

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Ghali et al determined that Mg is susceptible to fatigue corrosion due to the chloride ions in physiological saline, since this results in the propagation of cracks that increase significantly as the cyclic load increases. Similarly, Song et al reported that pitting corrosion growth occurs by dissolved chlorides and salts after the initiation of fatigue cracking: adding salts containing carbonate increases the rate of corrosion while adding salts of Ca reduces the effect of degradation [1,35,[154][155][156][157]. On the other hand, Kim et al reported that increasing the Ca content increases the dissolution rates in MZX21 where micro galvanic corrosion is very important, contributing to the high dissolution [158,159].…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Mg-zn-camentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-inspired biomaterial Mg–Zn–Ca: a review of the main mechanical and biological properties of Mg-based alloys

Becerra¹,

Rodríguez²,

Esquivel-Solís³

et al. 2020

Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express

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The toxicity of alloying elements in magnesium alloys used for biomedical purposes is an interesting and innovative subject, due to the great technological advances that would result from their application in medical devices (MDs) in traumatology. Recently promising results have been published regarding the rates of degradation and mechanical integrity that can support Mg alloys; this has led to an interest in understanding the toxicological features of these emerging biomaterials. The growing interest of different segments of the MD market has increased the determination of different research groups to clarify the behavior of alloying elements in vivo. This review covers the influence of the alloying elements on the body, the toxicity of the elements in Mg-Zn-Ca, as well as the mechanical properties, degradation, processes of obtaining the alloy, medical approaches and future perspectives on the use of the Mg in the manufacture of MDs for various medical applications.

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Section: Mechanical Properties Of Mg-zn-camentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-inspired biomaterial Mg–Zn–Ca: a review of the main mechanical and biological properties of Mg-based alloys

Becerra¹,

Rodríguez²,

Esquivel-Solís³

et al. 2020

Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express

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“…This study plays an important fundamental role in the further development of Mg-Gd-Ag-Ca alloys. [22][23][24] Therefore, for these Mg-(0.5, 1, 2 wt%)Gd alloys with two different states (as-cast state and T4 heat-treated state), a comprehensive investigation of their microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion properties in NaCl, and DR in CCM was carried out.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Minor Gadolinium Addition and T4 Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Properties of Magnesium

Huang

Bode³

et al. 2022

Adv Eng Mater

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Mg–Gd alloys are candidates for degradable implants combining favorable mechanical and corrosion properties. Gd has a high solid solubility in Mg and an acceptable biocompatibility. The influences of different amount of Gd additions and solid solution (T4) treatment on mechanical properties and corrosion in 0.9 wt% NaCl and cell culture medium (CCM) of magnesium are systematically investigated. The effects of Gd are clarified by microstructural characterizations as well as stress and degradation analysis. It is shown that minor Gd additions to pure Mg lead to Gd solid solution in Mg (α) and the formation of Mg5Gd intermetallic particles (IMPs), which increase the hardness, tensile, and compressive strength. The GdH2 phase is found in low‐alloyed Mg–Gd alloys. The corrosion rate (CR) is increased by the addition of more Gd due to the increased kinetics of the cathodic reaction. However, the resistance to degradation is effectively improved by T4 heat treatment due to the dissolution of IMPs. The reduced susceptibility to pitting can be achieved by a minor Gd addition and T4 heat treatment. The Mg–2Gd alloy is a potential candidate for implants due to its good combination of tailorable mechanical properties and low homogeneous in vitro degradation rate (DR).

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“…Liu The results showed that all kinds of Mg-RE model alloys showed no cytotoxic effect on the MC3T3-E1 cells and the hemolysis rates of all experimental Mg-RE model alloys were lower than 5%, except for Mg-Lu alloy model [36]. The German GKSS Light Metal Research Institute has developed high-purity Mg-Y [37], Mg-Gd [38], and other magnesium rare earth alloys that have been applied in degradable magnesium alloy orthopedic implant products developed by the German AAP Company.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Corrosion Performance of As-Extruded Mg–Gd–Dy–Zr Alloys for Potential Orthopedic Applications

Liu¹,

Wang

Xu³

et al. 2022

Metals

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In this study, different contents of rare earth elements with high solid solubility (Gd and Dy) were added into Mg and fabricated through homogenization and hot extrusion processes that enable few second phase formation to efficaciously inhibit the galvanic corrosion. The microstructure and phase characterization of the as-extruded Mg–Gd–Dy–Zr alloys were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, electron backscattered diffraction, and X-ray diffraction. The in vitro biodegradation behavior of the as-extruded Mg–Gd–Dy–Zr alloys was investigated via the electrochemical measurement and immersion test. The results revealed that all the as-extruded alloys with different RE additions exerted fully recrystallized microstructures. The average grain size was appropriately 20 μm to 30 μm for all alloys and gradually increased by adding more RE. Only a few tiny second-phase particles less than 5 μm dispersed for all the samples and the volume fraction of particles increased slightly with the increase in RE content. The as-extruded Mg–Gd–Dy–Zr alloys with low RE content (GD0.6) allowed for a satisfactory corrosion resistance in Hank’s solution with a controlled corrosion rate less than 0.5 mm/year, which is considered as the tolerance limit for the corrosion rate of orthopedic implants. This study provides a cost-effective choice for promoting biodegradable magnesium alloys for potential orthopedic applications with low rare earth content in Mg alloys.

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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Gd Alloys as Biodegradable Implant Materials

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Bio-inspired biomaterial Mg–Zn–Ca: a review of the main mechanical and biological properties of Mg-based alloys

Bio-inspired biomaterial Mg–Zn–Ca: a review of the main mechanical and biological properties of Mg-based alloys

Effects of Minor Gadolinium Addition and T4 Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Properties of Magnesium

In Vitro Corrosion Performance of As-Extruded Mg–Gd–Dy–Zr Alloys for Potential Orthopedic Applications

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