“…Taking joining of THB material-metals as an example, given that metals have superior machinability, ductility and high compression strength, THB material-metal hybrid components find multiple potential applications in photovoltaic devices, optical windows for weapons and equipment, and vacuum-sealed connectors [6,7]. A variety of conventional technologies for joining THB materials have been attempted including adhesive bonding [8], anodic bonding [9], solid-state bonding [10], brazing [11] and fusion welding [5]. Nevertheless, most of these methods have intrinsic limitations and shortcomings in offering reliable, solid bonds, such as contamination and aging of the binding agent, thermal mismatch, low accuracy and the necessity for high-temperature heating, which adversely impact the component performance and its operational lifetime.…”