Microstructure and Properties of the Ferroelectric-Ferromagnetic PLZT-Ferrite Composites

Abstract

The paper presents the technology of ferroelectric-ferromagnetic ceramic composites obtained from PLZT powder (the chemical formula Pb 0.98 La 0.02 (Zr 0.90 Ti 0.10) 0.995 O 3) and ferrite powder (Ni 0.64 Zn 0.36 Fe 2 O 4), as well as the results of X-ray powder-diffraction data (XRD) measurement, microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric, and magnetic properties of the composite samples. The ferroelectric-ferromagnetic composite (P-F) was obtained by mixing and the synthesis of 90% of PLZT and 10% of ferrite powders. The XRD test of the P-F composite shows a two-phase structure derived from the PLZT component (strong peaks) and the ferrite component (weak peaks). The symmetry of PLZT was identified as a rhombohedral ferroelectric phase, while the ferrite was identified as a spinel structure. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) microstructure analysis of the P-F ceramic composites showed that fine grains of the PLZT component surrounded large ferrite grains. At room temperature P-F composites exhibit both ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties. The P-F composite samples have lower values of the maximum dielectric permittivity at the Curie temperature and a higher dielectric loss compared to the PLZT ceramics, however, the exhibit overall good multiferroic properties.

Ferroelectromagnetic Properties of PbFe1/2Nb1/2O3 (PFN) Material Synthesized by Chemical-Wet Technology

“…Activation energy for PFN ceramic samples was calculated according to Arrhenius’ law (Equation (2)) [45]:σ=σ0exp(EActkBT) where σ 0 is pre-exponential factor, k B is Boltzmann’s constant, T is absolute temperature, and E Act is the activation energy appointed from the slope of ln σ DC vs. 1/ T plot. The values of the activation energy E Act at three specific regions (selected in Figure 5) are summarized in Table 2.…”

Advantages and Disadvantages of Various Uncertainty Assessment Methods in Material and Technological Predictive Models

“…The above considerations may be useful as guidelines for analyzes in scientific or industrial applications, including when examining the properties of the surface layer [54], corrosion resistance [55,56] or analyzing incomplete or uncertain structural data [57,58]. It may also be very useful in predicting the properties of living organisms [59,60], for which the description is often incomplete, uncertain and dominated by individual traits.…”

Sample Preparation Methodology of the AL2O3 Surface Layers for Self-Lubricating Sliding Pair

“…As shown in the article, the number of factors influencing the surface quality of the oxide layer produced in terms of tribological pairings is significant; therefore, the appropriate sample preparation methodology is so important. The results presented in this article may be useful in industrial in order to improve the durability of machine parts by strengthening the surface layer [15,16], modifying its functional properties [17,18] and wear resistance [19,20]. It can also be used to improve the techniques enhancing the resistance of parts working in chemically aggressive environments [21,22], thermomechanically loaded [23] and exposed to biocorrosion [24][25][26].…”