Microstructure Characterization of Welds in X5CrNiCuNb16-4 Steel in Overaged Condition

Ziewiec, A.; Zielińska‐Lipiec, A.; Kowalska, J.; Ziewiec, Krzysztof

doi:10.2478/adms-2019-0005

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The formed reverse austenite tends to be unstable during cooling, which contributes to increasing the final hardness by converting austenite to virgin (fresh) martensite. Similar behavior of austenite is also observed in other martensitic steels [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Problems of Pad Welding Structural Steels with Martensitic Filler Metal

Tasak

Ziewiec

Zielińska‐Lipiec

et al. 2019

Advances in Materials Science

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There is a problem in obtaining a suitable impact strength of the padding weld after cladding with a martensitic filler metal. Too low annealing temperature below 580°C and the excessive annealing temperature above 650°C do not provide adequate impact strength of the padding weld. A heat treatment technology for mixed joints has been developed based on the results of the microscopic observations, X-ray diffraction measurements and transmission electron microscope examination. The problem was identified and a special technology of heat treatment for the dissimilar joint was elaborated. This technology provides a high impact resistance of the padding weld and an appropriate properties of the base material.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Problems of Pad Welding Structural Steels with Martensitic Filler Metal

Tasak

Ziewiec

Zielińska‐Lipiec

et al. 2019

Advances in Materials Science

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“…The δ-ferrite was mainly localized at the interface because of the highest heat dissipation through the substrate. This is in agreement with other research [9,41] that proved that the microstructure of L-DED 17-4 PH steel is a result of the high heating and cooling rates experienced during the AM process (higher than those achieved during conventional ones), which prevent the formation of austenite [33,42,43]. Specifically, in the L-DED deposition of tracks on a metallic substrate, the highest cooling and solidification rates are found across the substrate/track interface, gradually decreasing with the distance from the substrate.…”

Section: Microstructural Analysis Of the Specimens In The As-built Co...supporting

confidence: 93%

Influence of Heat Treatment Parameters on the Microstructure of 17-4 PH Single Tracks Fabricated by Direct Energy Deposition

Merlin,

Morales,

Ferroni

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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Post-fabrication heat treatment (PFHT) is one of the most applied strategies for achieving the desired microstructure and mechanical resistance on additive manufactured components because of the non-equilibrium microstructural state of the material in the as-built condition. In particular, during PFHT, 17-4 PH martensitic stainless steel is mainly strengthened by the precipitation of Cu-rich nanometric particles and Nb carbides into the metal matrix. In this work, the influence of specifically designed PFHTs on the microstructural and mechanical properties of 17-4 PH single tracks fabricated via direct energy deposition was studied. Different solubilization and aging times, as well as a direct aging strategy, were considered. Optical microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate the microstructure evolution induced by the PFHTs. Moreover, Vickers microhardness measurements were performed to evaluate the increase in mechanical strength. In all cases, the heat-treated single tracks showed a mean microhardness higher than that of the depositions in the as-built condition. In the single tracks subjected to solution treatment, followed by aging for about 100 h, the presence of both Cu-rich precipitates and Nb carbides was assessed; conversely, when directly aged from the as-built condition, only Nb carbides were detected. In the latter case, the carbides were finer and closer to each other than those in the single tracks aged after the solution treatment.

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“…These results are consistent with the ones of other authors, who confirm that an increase in the size and distribution of the dendritic martensite occurs when the cooling rate is faster. Moreover, the higher cooling rate at the interface inhibits the complete transformation of the δ-ferrite prior to austenite and then to martensite [39,40]. As already emphasized in the comments of Figure 12, the negative drops exhibited by the clad material right near the interface are ascribed to the presence of the highest amounts of δ-ferrite in this zone (see Figures 9 and 10), which locally affects the hardness of the deposited clad.…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Hence, in 17-4 PH single-track depositions, high G•R ratios at the interface are expected to generate a fine martensitic matrix but also a high amount of retained δ-ferrite, as stated by refs. [38,39].…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Energy Depositions of a 17-4 PH Stainless Steel: Geometrical and Microstructural Characterizations

et al. 2023

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Direct energy deposition (DED) is a widely accepted additive manufacturing process and a possible alternative to the subtractive manufacturing processes due to its high flexibility in fabricating new 3D parts. DED enables the manufacture of complex parts without using costly and time-consuming conventional processes, even though building parameters need to be accurately determined. In the present investigation, the effect of different process parameters on geometrical features, quality, microstructure, and microhardness of 17-4 PH stainless steel single tracks deposited onto an AISI 316L stainless steel substrate was investigated. Four sets of process parameters, considering different values of laser power, scanning speed, and powder feed rate, were selected in the manufacturing strategy, and specimens drawn from each single-track deposition were analyzed by stereomicroscopy, optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the optimized geometrical features of the track, together with the best microstructural and hardness properties, were obtained with the highest values of the laser energy input.

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Microstructure Characterization of Welds in X5CrNiCuNb16-4 Steel in Overaged Condition

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

Problems of Pad Welding Structural Steels with Martensitic Filler Metal

Problems of Pad Welding Structural Steels with Martensitic Filler Metal

Influence of Heat Treatment Parameters on the Microstructure of 17-4 PH Single Tracks Fabricated by Direct Energy Deposition

Direct Energy Depositions of a 17-4 PH Stainless Steel: Geometrical and Microstructural Characterizations

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