Microstructure development and optical properties of Fe:ZnSe transparent ceramics sintered by spark plasma sintering

Abstract

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A Review of Cr2+ or Fe2+ Ion-Doped Zinc Sulfide and Zinc Selenide Ceramics as IR Laser Active Media

“…Therefore, various types of thermal treatment of powders have been developed, taking into account the optimal relationship between impurity removal, particle growth, agglomeration, and phase transitions occurring in the process. Annealing is typically performed in the temperature range of 500-900 • C under vacuum [67,80,85], argon [79,83,84,[88][89][90], or hydrogen sulfide H 2 S/N 2 atmosphere [62][63][64]86]. Effective purification from oxygen-containing impurities begins at ~600 • C [62].…”

“…The fabrication of ZnSe powders by chemical precipitation from solutions is usually carried out using NaHSe as a source of selenium ions [88,89]. Oxygen contamination is also an issue for the ZnSe; it is present in the powders in significant amounts and is detected both by XRD analysis and in the transmission spectrum of the synthesized ceramics [88].…”

Crystallization of glass materials into transparent optical ceramics

“…Other ceramic systems such as Al 2 O 3 [23], MgO [24], MgAl 2 O 4 [16], ZrO 2 [14], or even Lu 3 NbO 7 [25] and Gd 3 TaO 7 [26] with cubic defect-fluorite structures, have also been reported. Non-oxide compositions have also been demonstrated, including nitrides (AlN [27] and AlON [28]), fluorides (MgF 2 [29], CaF 2 [30], SrF 2 [31], and BaF 2 [32]), and chalcogenides, such as sulfides (ZnS [33]), selenides (ZnSe [34]), and tellurates (KNbTeO 6 [35]). More recently, transparent ceramics have been successfully fabricated from high-entropy oxide [36] and fluoride [37] compositions, which were previously unattainable using conventional single-crystal growth processes.…”

“…However, the current literature provides little data on transparent non-oxide ceramics obtained through the glass crystallization route. The transparent non-oxide ceramics reported to date have been prepared only through the conventional powder processing approach, such as for ZnS [33,45], ZnSe [34], CaLa 2 S 4 [46], and others. One reason for this limitation is the lack of flexibility in the glass-forming process to enable fabrication of non-oxide transparent ceramics through glass crystallization.…”

Modifying the electronic and optical properties of nano-ZnS via doping with Mn and Fe

“…Wang et al showed that the optical band gap of ZnS formed by one-pot hydrothermal procedure was decreased as it doped with Fe [3]. Yu et al found that Fe:ZnSe transparent ceramics prepared by co-precipitation method and spark plasma sintering have a reddish-brown color and can act as a promising mid-infrared laser material [12]. Mahmood et al found by applying the first-principle approach that the bandgap of ZnS can be tunable from ultraviolet to visible regions as it doped with iron doping [13].…”