“…In addition to alloying elements, processing and heat treatment techniques, such as casting, equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), hot extrusion, rolling, accelerated cooling, and annealing processes, play a crucial role in the mechanical properties and corrosion rate of alloys. Appropriate processing and heat treatment can optimize the mechanical and corrosion properties of alloys to meet clinical requirements [ 93 , [96] , [97] , [98] , [99] , [100] , [101] ]. Regardless of alloy optimization or processing techniques, they both affect the grain refinement and alloy uniformity, thereby influencing the corrosion rate and uniformity.…”