Microstructure of solid phase reduction on manganese oxide ore fines containing coal by microwave heating

Chen, Jin; Tian, Pengfei; Xiu-an, Song; Li, Ning; Zhou, Jianxiong

doi:10.1016/s1006-706x(10)60066-0

Cited by 24 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Based on the processing techniques, they can primarily be categorized into two groups: pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy. The four basic types of pyrometallurgy are direct smelting, 26 chlorination roasting, 27 sulfation roasting, 28 and reduction roasting, which calls for the use of reducing agents such as biomass, [29][30][31] carbon materials, 32,33 reducing gases, 34,35 reducing minerals. 36 The three primary types of leaching used in hydrometallurgy are conventional leaching, reductive leaching, and pressured leaching.…”

Section: The Inevitability Of Bioleachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioleaching of oceanic manganese nodules: Current progress and future prospects

Xue

Feng

et al. 2023

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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The extraction of manganese elements and other strategic elements from oceanic manganese nodules has become a strategic decision to ensure the security of global metal resources and the high‐quality green development of metal resource processing and metallurgy industry due to the gradual depletion of high‐quality terrestrial metal resources and the increase of difficult‐to‐select and difficult‐to‐smelt deposits. In order to achieve the enrichment and separation of diverse elements within oceanic manganese nodules, it is imperative to initiate chemical reactions that facilitate the breakdown of complex oxides, particularly manganese dioxide. Bioleaching is a viable treatment option for oceanic manganese nodules with low operating costs and environmental damage. However, the mechanism of oceanic manganese nodules bioleaching is not fully studied, and the prospect of technology development is uncertain. We have reviewed five influencing factors on bioleaching of oceanic manganese nodules: mineralogical characteristics, chemical reaction equilibrium, thermodynamic characteristics, microbial properties, and operational variables. It then makes new development recommendations and technological system suggestions for the future improvement of oceanic manganese nodule bioleaching, primarily focusing on the development of new technologies for challenging to select and difficult to smelt ores, the practicality of strategic energy metal development, the cell design and its materials revolution, environmental protection and management, and all‐round resource utilization. Solving the above critical technical issues will boost the high‐quality development of metal industry and environmental protection.

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Section: The Inevitability Of Bioleachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioleaching of oceanic manganese nodules: Current progress and future prospects

Xue

Feng

et al. 2023

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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“…4), implying a gradual process of degradation from MB to C 14 H 13 N 2 OS, C 13 H 11 N 2 OS and C 12 H 9 N 2 OS. Actually, the temperature of MnO 2 could rise up to about 1000 C by MI in 100 s. 21,22 Thus, high temperature accounted for the oxidation of MB by MO.…”

Section: Lc-ms Of Mb and Its Products Formulasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manganese oxide – an excellent microwave absorbent for the oxidation of methylene blue

Wang

Liao

et al. 2015

RSC Adv.

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Microwave-induced oxidation is an effective method for degradation of organic pollutants with high concentrations in wastewater. In this study, manganese oxide (MO), a mixture of 74% akhtenskite and 26% ramsdellite was used as an oxidant for the microwave-induced oxidation of methylene blue (MB).With 0.1 g of MO and 2.5 mg of MB, the MB removal efficiency was about 99% under 10 min microwave irradiation (MI). The oxidative capacity of MO in this study was closely related to the concentration of H + .A strong acidic condition was optimal for MB degradation in the presence or absence of MI. The intermediates of MB degradation from C 16 H 18 N 3 S to C 14 H 13 N 2 OS, C 13 H 11 N 2 OS, and C 12 H 9 N 2 OS were identified by LC-MS. Network analysis described the excellent microwave adsorption property of MO which was mainly attributed to its dielectric loss. The maximal microwave reflection loss was about À21.23 dB for a sample that is made of 70% MO and 30% paraffin with a thickness of 6 mm.DOS calculation showed that the unit cell of akhtenskite with two manganese ions had the natural spin magnetic moment (2*Integrated Spin Density) of 6.0 which is in accordance with the theoretical calculation of two Mn 4+ which could help the hysteresis loss under microwave irradiation. Considering the variable valence of MO and its zero electric dipole moment, it was deduced that charge transfer was the main mechanism for causing the dielectric loss.

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“…On the other hand, carbothermal treatment of manganese oxide ore using coal as reducing agent is widely used for improving leachability of manganese in H 2 SO 4 (Chen et al, 2010;Kononov et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2012). Although this traditional method is considered to be highly efficient, it produces a great deal of smoke dust and SOx which are serious pollutants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%