Microstructure of the eye tunics, eyelids and ocular glands of the Sulawesi bear cuscus (<i>Ailurops ursinus</i>Temminck, 1824) (Phalangeridae: Marsupialia) based on anatomical, histological and histochemical studies

Klećkowska‐Nawrot, Joanna; Goździewska‐Harłajczuk, Karolina; Darska, Marta; Barszcz, Karolina; Janeczek, Maciej

doi:10.1111/azo.12251

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 123 publications

(260 reference statements)

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“…However, the study of Nawrot et al (2019) found no tapetum lucidum in the eyes of A. ursinus. Tapetum lucidum as a biological reflector system, is a feature of vertebrate eyes and serves to reflect photons to the retina thereby increasing visual sensitivity at low light levels, this is an advantage for nocturnal animals (Ollivier et al 2004;Kay et al 2004).…”

Section: Activity Patternmentioning

confidence: 90%

Daily activity and diet of Talaud bear cuscus (Ailurops melanotis Thomas, 1898) on Salibabu Island, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

et al. 2019

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Abstract. Authors. 2019. Daily activity and diet of Talaud bear cuscus (Ailurops melanotis Thomas, 1898) on Salibabu Island, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2636-2644. Talaud bear cuscus (Ailurops melanotis) is an endemic species in the Sangihe and Talaud Islands, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. This species is critically endangered in the IUCN Redlist, with a declining population trend. As a protected species in Indonesia, there has not been any specific research on this species. This research aimed to determine the daily activity pattern of talaud bear cuscus based on sex and age classes, and provide the first preliminary data on its dietary diversity and preference. Data collection was conducted on Salibabu Island (Talaud Islands District, North Sulawesi, Indonesia) for approximately three months (May-July 2016). The talaud bear cuscus spent most of its time resting 78.19%, moving 14.98%, feeding 3.49%, grooming 3.06%, and social 0.28%. Talaud bear cuscus fed on 22 species in its daily diet consisting of 20 tree species and 2 liana species. Cuscus fed mainly on young leaves (57.48%) followed by petioles (leaf stalk) (17.60%), mature leaves (15.33%), bud (7.19%), flowers (1.32%) and unripe fruit (1.07%). This preliminary data about the behavior, activity patterns, and diet of talaud bear cuscus, in general, can be used as supporting information in cuscus conservation efforts, especially habitat management related to the availability of feed resources and to determine the time of the survey and to understand the general behavior and ecology of this species.

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Section: Activity Patternmentioning

confidence: 90%

Daily activity and diet of Talaud bear cuscus (Ailurops melanotis Thomas, 1898) on Salibabu Island, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

et al. 2019

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“…The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted August 22, 2022. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.08.20.504636 doi: bioRxiv preprint who's confirmed the lower eyelid of bird is more mobile than upper one (Wyneken, 2012). That feature is common in mammals; the upper eyelid is more mobile and larger than the lower eyelid (Klećkowska-Nawrot et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The movement of upper eyelid in little owl is opposite the views of most previous authors who’s confirmed the lower eyelid of bird is more mobile than upper one (Wyneken, 2012). That feature is common in mammals; the upper eyelid is more mobile and larger than the lower eyelid (Klećkowska-Nawrot et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Kinetic of eyelids of little owl Athene noctua

Mahmoud

Shawki

Abdel‐Mageed

et al. 2022

Preprint

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This study gives a comprehensive description of eyelids movement in little owl and discusses the impact of some surrounding conditions in kinetic performance of these eyelids. The present study used the video's recording technique to record the kinetic activity of lids, beside the anatomical, and the histological studies of the eyelids structure. The present authors found that the fundemental eyelids movements can be uniquely and reliably characterized by their anatomical relationships that confirmed also via video record of kinetic performance of these eyelids. The results show that levator palpebrae muscle split into many directions as a main generate motor to increasing the movement of the upper lid. In other side, the contraction of Depressor palpebral inferioris muscle together with the active upward forces of levator palpebrae muscle resultin g in opening the eye. While, the closure of lids arise from the passive downward forces and relaxation of the levator palpebrae and Depressor palpebral inferioris muscle as well as, the cooperation action of retractor anguli oculi lateralis and medialis muscle. The results also recorded that NM movement is reversely proportion to the level of kinetic of other eyelids. . The mobility of Nm in little owl occurs under effect artificially external stress. These anatomical data and sequence video records have confirmed that the upper eyelid move more compare to other lids. The present authors also suggest that the mobility of lids may stimulate through external pressure force of some surrounding structure like periorbital sheet. Also, the histological study exhibited that the structure of two eyelids is very similar in the little owl and the variability are showing in the number of cell layers that forms their epithelium of skin and palpebral surfaces, the distribution of pigment granules within them, as well as, the degree of keratinization on their surface.

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“…The movement of the upper eyelid in little owl is opposite to the views of most previous authors who confirmed that the lower eyelid of birds is more mobile than the upper one. That feature is common in mammals; the upper eyelid is more mobile and larger than the lower eyelid (Klećkowska‐Nawrot et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the kinetics of the eyelids of little owl Athene noctua

et al. 2022

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This study gives a comprehensive description of eyelids movement in little owl and discusses the impact of some surrounding conditions in their kinetic performance. The present study used the video's recording technique to record the kinetic activity of eyelids, besides the anatomical and histological studies of the eyelid's structure. The fundamental eyelid movements can be uniquely and reliably characterized by their anatomical relationship that was confirmed via video recording for their kinetic activity. The levator palpebrae muscle is considered a main generating motor for the upper eyelid; in the little owl, this muscle splits into multiple directions and is distinguished from the levator palpebrae superioris (Lps) and the levator anguli oculi (Lao) muscle. That anatomical pattern of insertion increases the movement of the upper lid. On the other side, the contraction of depressor palpebrae inferioris (Dpi) muscle and the active upward forces of levator palpebrae muscle help in increasing the opening of the eye's fissure. However, the closure process is produced from the passive downward forces and relaxation of the levator palpebrae superioris (Lps), levator anguli oculi (Lao), and depressor palpebrae inferioris muscle, as well as the contraction of retractor anguli oculi lateralis (Raol) and medialis (Raom) muscle. The present results also recorded that nictitating membrane's (Nm) movement is reversely proportionate to the level of kinetic of other eyelids. The mobility of Nm in little owl occurs under the effect of artificial external stress. These anatomical data and sequence video recordings have confirmed that the upper eyelid moves more compared to other eyelids. The authors also suggest that the mobility of eyelids may get stimulated through external pressure force of some surrounding structure like the periorbital sheet. Also, the histological study exhibited that the structure of two eyelids is very similar in the little owl and the variability is showing in the number of cell layers that forms their epithelium of skin and palpebral surfaces, the distribution of pigment granules, and degree of keratinization on their surface. That variability in the histological characters of eyelids may counteract the abrasive forces occurring during the opening and closing processes.

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Microstructure of the eye tunics, eyelids and ocular glands of the Sulawesi bear cuscus (Ailurops ursinusTemminck, 1824) (Phalangeridae: Marsupialia) based on anatomical, histological and histochemical studies

Cited by 9 publications

References 123 publications

Daily activity and diet of Talaud bear cuscus (Ailurops melanotis Thomas, 1898) on Salibabu Island, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Daily activity and diet of Talaud bear cuscus (Ailurops melanotis Thomas, 1898) on Salibabu Island, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Analysis of Kinetic of eyelids of little owl Athene noctua

Analysis of the kinetics of the eyelids of little owl Athene noctua

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