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Abstract. Mardiastuti A, Masy'ud B, Ginoga LN, Sastranegara H, Sutopo. 2021. Short Communication: Wildlife species used as traditional medicine by local people in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 329-337. Since a long time ago, wild animals (wildlife species) have been used by the local people as traditional medicine. Research has been conducted in some areas, but there was no study that incorporates all data. The objective of this research was to collect nation-wide information on the wildlife species (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians) used as traditional medicine, identify the species used the most, and collect information on the diseases that were believed can be cured by the wildlife species. Papers and reports from previous studies were collected and analyzed. Based on 55 published scientific papers, 114 wildlife species were known to be used by the local people as traditional medicine (59 species of mammals, 12 birds, 37 reptiles, 6 amphibians). Reptiles were used more intensively and believed may cure many diseases, mainly respiratory, digestive, skin, and musculoskeletal diseases. Among all species, Reticulated Python (Malayopython reticulatus), Common Water Monitor (Varanus salvator), Tokay Gecko (Gekko gecko), Common Sun Skink (Eutropis multifasciata), and Malayan Porcupine (Hystrix brachyura) were listed as the most popular species for traditional medicine. As some species have already listed as protected and endangered, a necessary precautionary program is needed to ensure the harvest sustainability and survival of the endangered species.

[12/12, 02:23] Wulida Khoirunnisa🌻: Nyetrika Flashcard Pindah file ke fd dari komputer Buat salad Mentai rice Packing [12/12, 02:24] Wulida Khoirunnisa🌻: Beres2 kamar jahit [12/12, 03:24] Wulida Khoirunnisa🌻: Kirim jnt [12/12, 06:50] Wulida Khoirunnisa🌻: *~Nyetrika~* ~Flashcard~ Pindah file ke fd dari komputer Buat salad Mentai rice ~Packing~ [12/12, 06:50] Wulida Khoirunnisa🌻: ~Beres2 kamar jahit~ [12/23, 12:12] Wulida Khoirunnisa🌻: The behavior of antler rubbing in the Cervidae family during the period of hard antlers is related to the territorial marking and reproductive activity. Bawean deer (Axis kuhlii) is one of the rarest animals in Indonesia and endemic to Bawean Island. The knowledge of their biology in the natural habitat is scarce. The objective of this study is to understand on their behavior, particularly the stags during their hard antlers period by observing their rubbing activities on the plantations in their natural habitat. Data collections were conducted in four sites, from June 1996 to October 1996, through monthly visit. Transects with the length of 900 to 2000 m and width of 100 m were established. Observation took place every 100 m along the transect in both sides on the area of 25m2. the name of local plants which were rub was noted, the length and width of the rubbing marks on the plants and the diameter of the plant were measured. The result showed there were 22 species (in which 7 were unidentified) of plants being rub by the deer. The highest intensity is on Macu (15 percent) followed by Ngos-ngosan and Sentol (11 percent each). Number of death plants due to rubbing activity was very low (less than 1 percent). Mean of the plants diameter being rub was 19.1 mm, with the length and total area being rub were 19.1 mm and 6521 mm2, respectively. From this study it can be concluded that stags rub the plants during their hard antlers period on the bushy type category. The rutting season for Bawean stags in their habitat was estimated between May to November.

Abstract. Kusrini MD, Palesa SP, Masy’ud B. 2021. Snake pet ownership in the city: A case study in Greater Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1790-1798. Snake pets have gained popularity all over the world, including in Indonesia. We conducted an online survey to gather information regarding the characteristics of snake owners, their motivation for keeping snakes, the species owned, and the keepers’ knowledge and perception. Google forms were sent to snake owners in the Greater Jakarta area (also known as Jabodetabek), and 69 snake owners responded. Most of the snake owners are in the young adult group (16-25 years) and their motivation to keep snakes comes mostly from them being influenced by their peers, exhibitions and social media. Thirty-nine species of snake from nine families were listed as pets, mostly being snakes that are distributed in Indonesia. Overall, the Pythonidae was the snake family with the most species being selected as pets (65.7%), followed by Colubridae (10.7%) and Viperidae (9.44%). Most snake owners kept non-venomous snakes (83.3%), 12% kept highly venomous snakes, and 4.7% kept mildly- venomous snakes.  Most of the keepers had heard about protected species (91.2%). However, when asked to write the names of any protected species, 46% out of 50 people gave incorrect names. The relatively high number of venomous snakes kept (even by those keepers of a young age) indicates the potential risk of envenomation. As yet, there is no system for snake owner licensing in Indonesia, thus it is suggested that, because of the increasing popularity of keeping snakes as pets,  owners should be registered, licensed, and monitored.

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